Anti cancer drugs

Question 1

What can be used for treatment of anti cancer drugs related neutropenia?

Answer 1

Filgrastim, Sargramostin

Question 2

How to treat anti cancer related anemia.

Answer 2

Erythropoietin

Question 3

How to protect from cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin.

Answer 3

Dexrazoxane= Iron chelation

Question 4

Examples of antimetabolite anti cancer agents?

Answer 4

CCS= Cell cycle specific drugs
S phase
Folic acid antagonist= methotrexate
Purine= mercaptopurine,thioguanine,fludarabine, cladarabine
Pyramidine=5florouracil, capecetabine, floxuridine, cytarabine, gemcitabine

Question 5

How to protect from the extravasation of Mechlorethanolamine ?

Answer 5

Add isotonic sodium thiosulphite to inactivate drug

Question 6

List the monoclonal Antibodies used for cancer treatment?

Answer 6

Trastuzumab = HER2 inhibitor 
Rituximab= CD 20 antigen in B cells  
Bevacizumab = Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF
Cetuximab = Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR

Question 7

What are the drugs that interact with 6mercaptopurine?

Answer 7

Feboxustat and allopurinol (Xanthine oxidase inhibitors) so we have to reduce dose of 6 mercaptopurine

Question 8

What is the mechanism of action of 5 flurouracil?

Answer 8

It is prodrug ( not oral) that inhibit thymidylate synthase
Topically or IV

NB. Leucovorin potentiate its mechanism of action

Question 9

Name two prodrugs of florouracil?

Answer 9

Capecitabine

Floxuridine

Question 10

What are the classes of alkylating anti-cancer agents ?

Cell cycle non specific.

Answer 10

Nitrogen mustard = Mechlorethanolamine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, chlorambucil
Nitrosourea= Carmustine, Lomustine
Platinum compounds=cisplatin,carboplatin

Question 11

Give examples of Topoisomerase I enzyme inhibitors.

Answer 11

Irinotecan
Topotecan

S phase specific
Camptothecin derivatives

Question 12

Give two examples of Topoisomerase II inhibitors?

Answer 12

Etoposide
Teniposide
Block cell in S to G2 phases

Question 13

How to prevent hemorrhage cystitis?

Answer 13

Adequate hydration

MESNA

Question 14

What are the cell cycle phases?

Answer 14

Go= resting
G1=Synthesis of enzymes for DNA synthesis
S=DNA replication
G2= Synthesis of components for mitosis
M= mitotic tubule formation

Question 15

Example of a steroidal inhibitor of aromatase enzyme? List side effects?

Answer 15

Exemestane

Nausea, hot flashes, Acne, Hair changes

Question 16

Non steroidal/ Imidazole aromatase inhibitors

Answer 16

Anastrazole

Letrozole

Question 17

What are the different classes of anti cancer agents?

Answer 17

Antimetabolites (Folic acid antagonist/purine antagonist/pyrimidine antagonist)
Plant alkaloids (Vinca, taxanes, camptothecin, podophyllotoxin)
Antibiotics(Anthracyclines, miscellaneous)
Hormones
Monoclonal antibodies

Question 18

Alkylating agents associated with hemorrhagic cystitis due to release of acroline?

Answer 18

Cyclophosphamide

Ifosphamide

Question 19

Used to treat insulinomas

Answer 19

Streptozocin

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action of Vince alkaloids?

Answer 20

Prevent assembly of tubulin to form microtubules.

Question 21

What is the mechanism of action of paclitaxel, docetaxel ( Taxane family)?

Answer 21

Prevent the disassembly of microtubules into tubulin

Question 22

How to manage xerostomia (dry mouth) associated with radiation therapy?

Answer 22

Sugar free candy, sugar free gum, ice chips,saliva substitute, pilocarpine 5mg tab

Question 23

How can u manage thrombocytopenia?

Answer 23

Oprelvekin (interleukin 11)

Question 24

Least bone marrow depression anti cancer.

Answer 24

Bleomycin

Question 25

What anticancer agents are associated with congestive Herat failure risk?

Answer 25

``` Doxorubicin Danuorubicin Epirubicin Mitoxantrone Trastuzumab ```

Question 26

Doc for treatment if delayed nausea and vomiting ?

Answer 26

Dexamethasone

Question 27

Drug of choice for anticipatory nausea and vomiting?

Answer 27

Benzodiazepines

Question 28

Which anticancer drugs are associated with pulmonary toxicity?

Answer 28

Methotrexate, Bleomycin, carmustine, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin, Vinca alkaloids

Question 29

What is the difference between hypertrophic and hyperplasia

Answer 29

HyperTROPY is increase in cell SIZE. | HyperPLASIA is increase in cell NUMBER.

Question 30

What are the side effects of SERM Tamoxifen?

Answer 30

``` Hot flashes Hypercalcemia Vaginal bleeding Thromboembolism Endometrial cancer ```

Question 31

Give 3 examples of non-steroidal anti androgens used for treatment of prostate cancer?

Answer 31

Bicalutamide oral Nilutamide oral Flutamide oral

Question 32

What are the characteristics of Tumor lysis syndrome?

Answer 32

``` Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia Hyperurecimia Hyperphosphotemia Renal failure ```

Question 33

Name an anti angiogenesis monoclonal antibody?

Answer 33

Bevacizumab humanize monoclonal antibody

Question 34

What are the different types of monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 34

Momab=murine Ximab=chimeric Zumab= humanized Mumab=human

Question 35

Malignant neoplasm categories

Answer 35

``` Skin= malignant melanoma Epithelium=carcinoma Endothelium=kaposis sarcoma Connective tissue= sarcoma Lymphoid tissue=lymphoma Bone marrow=leukemia ```

Question 36

Anti cancer with least bone marrow depression?

Answer 36

Bleomycin

Question 37

Agent used to protect the kidney from the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin?

Answer 37

Amifostine

Question 38

Anti cancer alkylating agents that release Carole in that damage the kidney?

Answer 38

Cyclophosphamide | ifosfamide

Question 39

Anti cancer drugs that cause pulmonary toxicity.

Answer 39

Bleomycin Methotrexate Carmustine Mitomycin