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General..managment Flashcards

1
Q

FDA Schedules

  • Schedule A*=
  • Schedule B* =
  • Schedule C* =
  • Schedule D* =
  • Schedule F* =
  • Schedule G* =
  • Schedule H* =
A

FDA Schedules

  • Scedule A* = disease for which treatment is bot promoted to public
  • Schedule B* = official drug standards (pharmacopeia)
  • Schedule C* =Radiopharmaceuticals
  • Schedule D* = allergic sub. vaccine. blood dervatives, insulin
  • Schedule F* = food and prescription drugs
  • Schedule G* = controlled drugs
  • Schedule H* = restricted drugs
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2
Q

NAPRA Schedules

Schedule 1
Schedule 2
Schedule 3
Unscheduled

A

Schedule 1=prescription required

Schedule 2=Behind tbe counter no prescription
Tylenol 1, epipen, insulin,vit b12, iron, lactulose,nitroglycerin, vaccine

Schedule 3= self selection area in pharmacy, plan B, Emergency contraceptive,

unscheduled= Topical bacitracin, ophthalmic bacitracin

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3
Q

who can prescribe narcotics

A 
Doctor
dentist
veterinarians
podiatrist
nurse practitioner
midwife
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4
Q

What is CPS?

A 
Compendium of pharmaceuticals specialities.
Contains
drugs in Canada, Narcotics, SAP
discontinued drugs
Approved use
monographs
excipient information..dtug contain lactose or sulphite
clinical information
drug interactions.
immunization
drug in preg or lactation

Current up to date = e CPS

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5
Q

What is Martindale?

A 
Martindale= Teriary source
International reference; 
brand name from other countries; 
foreign drug inquiry; 
Manufacturer info; 
onlabel &off label use ;
 it contain pharmaceutical data.(solubility chemical formula, stability...)
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6
Q

what is mechanism of action of methotrexate and its main side effects?

A

Folic acid antagonist
inhibit dihydrofolate reductase

side effects
stomatitis 
bone marrow suprezsion
Alopecia
rash
renal damage
pulmonary toxicity
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7
Q

Antimetabolites that are PURINE analogues?

A

Mercaptopurine
Thioguanine
fludarabine
cladarabine

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8
Q

Antimetabolite that are PYRIMIDINE analogues?

A 
5florouracil
Floxuridine
capecitabine
cytarabine
gemciabine
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9
Q

What is COMPUS?

A

COMPUS is Canadian Optimal Medication Prescribing and Utilization Service.

  1. Promote optimal drug prescribing amount practitioners and consumers
  2. Allow decision maker establish policies to promote optimal drug use.
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10
Q

What program in Canada allow access to unapproved health products?

A

SAP : Special Access Program

Practitioner educate patient on benefit/risk, request product, submit application , report results
Medication delivered to prescriber
Max quantity 6 month for chronic conditions

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11
Q

What does Canadian heath act CHA provide?

A 
Set principal for provisional Heath plan to receive funds:
PUPAC
Public administration 
Universality
Portability
Accessibility
Comprehensiveness
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12
Q

What is meant by narcotic reconciliation?

A

Audit narcotic inventory

  1. Reconcile physical inventory with perpetual inventory
  2. Reconcile invoice with purchase record
  3. Reconcile purchase with sales
  4. Reconcile sales report with filed prescriptions

Documents kept 2 years

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13
Q

Where to report discrepancy in narcotic inventory?

A

Office of Controlled substance OCS

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14
Q

What is meant by academic detailing?

A

Continuous education to improve drug prescribing funded by provisional governments

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15
Q

What is CADC?

A

Canadian academic detailing collaboration

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16
Q

List the community pharmacy business model?

A

Independent pharmacy
Banner pharmacy
Chain/corporation
Franchise

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17
Q

What are adv and disadvantage of Independent pharmacy ( sole proprietorship).

A

Advantage: most basic form; little money to start; control of business; owner retain earning.

Disadvantage: full liability ,

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18
Q

How to address poor performance and misconduct?

A 
(Progressive disciplinary action)
Coach and counsel
Verbal warning 
Written warning
Suspension
Termination
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19
Q

Largest operating expenses in pharmacy?

A
  1. Cost of goods sold ( how much u pay to buy item)

2. Salaries and benefits

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20
Q

Reporting Medication Error

A

ISMP (institute of safe medication practice)
NSIR (national system for incidents reporting) by hospitals/Heath facilities
CPhIR ( community pharmacy incidents reporting)

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21
Q

Report adverse drug reaction

A 
Canada vigilance (fill form, mail or fax)
MedEffect Canada (by phone or online)
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22
Q

What is a SOAP note

A

Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan

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23
Q

What is inventory turn over?

A

Average time the inventory is sold and purchased during certain period?

ITO = Cost of goods sold COGS/ average on hand inventory

Inventory turn period = 365/ ITO

Community pharmacy = 11-12
Hospital pharmacy = 8-10

If lower..risk of overstock
If higher.. risk of out of stock

24
Q

Composition of Tylenol 1

A

Acetaminophen 300 mg+ caffeine 15 mg + codeine 8 mg

25
Composition of Tylenols ?
Tylenol 1 =acetamino 300mg + codeine 8mg + caffeine 15 mg Tylenol 2=acetamino 300 mg + codeine 15 mg Tylenol 3=acetamino 300 mg + codeine 30 mg Tylenol 4=acetamino 300 mg + codeine 60 mg
26
CARN
Canada Adverse Drug Newletter
27
what is CADTH
Canadian Agency for Drug Technologies and Health
28
Who funds CADTH?
funders of Canadian Agency for Drugs Technologies and Health CADTH are: 1. federal 2. provinicial 3. territorial
29
What is CDR and its main functions?
CDR is Common Drug Review: 1. conduct review on clinical &cost effectiveness of NEW drugs. 2. Formulary recommendation for NEW drug to public funded drug plan
30
Heath care expenditures or spendings
1. Hospitals 2. Drugs 3. Salaries
31
Methadone prescription regulations description
NO Verbal prescription NO Refills NO transfer
32
Schedule F ( Food and drug regulations)
Replaced by prescription drug list
33
Healthcare funding in Canada
Predominantly public sector -70% | Private sector-30%
34
Used in pharmacoechonomic to compare the cost of two treatments when both have equivalent effectiveness
Cost minimization analysis To determine the least costly alternative
35
CARN is published by
Health canada | [Marketed Health Product Directorate]
36
PIPEDA
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Act
37
Measure Cost and Benefit and convert into monetary terms (Dollars). Expressed as Benefit / Cost ratio
Cost Benefit Analysis
38
Profit Margin %
= ( Sales-COGS)/Sales]* 100
39
What is the Blue Print of Pharmacy in Canada.
Launched by : Canadian Pharmacist Association CPha Aim: Align pharmacy practice with Canadian needs. Define a vision and Action plan to help pharmacy and pharmacy technician meet expanded role
40
What are 5 areas highlighted in vision document in Pharmacy Blue print?
1. Pharmacy Human Resources 2. Education and CPD 3. Information and Communication technology 4. Financial viability and sustainability 5. Legislation, regulation and liability
41
What is the composition of Tylenol 1
Acetaminophen 300 mg+ Caffaine 15mg + Codeine 8mg | It is excempted codeine preparation as it contains 8mg codeine/tablet and other 2 non narcotic ingredients
42
What is the expanded scope activities for the pharmacist?
Pharmacist take more clinical and patient focus role. 1. Provide emergency prescription refill. 2. Renew and extend prescription. 3. Change drug dose or formulation. 4. Make therapeutic substituents 5. Adaptation of prescriptions 6. Prescription for minor ailments 7. Initiate prescription drug therapy 3, Order/ interpret lab test 4. Administration of drugs by injection injections for immunization
43
Prescribing scope of practice
``` Physician Veterinarians Dentistry Midwife Nurse practitioner Optometrist Pharmacist ```
44
Difference between Pharmacy Technician and pharmacy assistant.
Pharmacy technician can take verbal orders and transfer prescriptions BUT the pharmacy assistant CANNOT.
45
Pharmacy technician tasks:
1. Prescription receive, also verbal prescription receive 2. Data entry, label, pack, insurance 3. No Narcotic ordering or receiving (. ولا هقدر اشترى ولا أبيع narcotics) 4. Demonstrate medical devices 5. Liability insurance
46
What are the behavior related to heath care.
1. Health behavior. 2. Illness behavior 3. Sick behavior
47
What are the format of pharmacy?
Independent Banner Franchise Corporate
48
Sole proprietorship ملكيه فردين
Advantages: Easy, inexpensive to start, less working capital, راس المال اقل , autonomy, all profit yours Disadvantages Unlimited liability ( personal asset can be used to pay debts if needed) Not continuous
49
Partnership pharmacy
Can be Limited or General
50
Corporate Pharmacy advantages and disadvantages
Advantage: الشركه كيان قانوني منفصل عن المالكين أو المساهمين Limited liability Easy to raise capital زيادة راس المال by selling shares Disadvantage: Complicated to start Conflict between share holders and BOD
51
Difference between | Associate franchise and Banner
Associate franchise: No capital investment but central distribution Banner Capital investment but no central distribution
52
What is most important in business location analysis?
Market area analysis ( تحليل منطقه السوق ) 1. population: 2. sites consideration: relation of cost to productivity, Space shape, parking, use of ratios, convenience. And distance, sales per square feet. 3. trading area:
53
What are the three basic financial statement.
1. Balance sheet الميزانية العمومية assists and liability 2. Income Statement بيان الدخل ٠٠ءprofil and loss Statement 3. Statement of retained earning بيان الأرباح المحتجزه dividend payment, net income
54
Income statement components
Income statement indicator : 1. Sales = unit price x unit volume 2. Cost of good sold COGS =unit cost x unit volume 3. Sales -COGS = gross margin/ gross profit 4. Gross margin-expenses = net profit
55
What is the auto substitution policy?
This policy has a list of therapeutically interchangeable drugs, if a physician orders a drug that is not in the formulary then it is automatically substituted to the therapeutically equivalent drug that is available in the formulary according to this policy
56
What is profit.
Gross margin- Total expenses
57
Which governing body is responsible for regulating the practice of manufacturing drugs in Canada?
Food and Drugs act

Mona Practice :) (24 decks)

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