Antibacterial-mech

Question 1

why do antibiotics need to be highly selective?

Answer 1

need to targets for unique biological targets that human/host dont use wont affect us

Question 2

what are the different types of bacteria?

Answer 2

gram positive cell wall

gram negative cell wall

Question 3

what is the structure of the bacteria cell wall?

Answer 3

peptidoglycan- polysaccharides and lipids

Question 4

why cant penicillin be given orally?

Answer 4

because it gets degraded due to acid environment in the stomach so

Question 5

what are the 2 approaches to tackle the problem of b-lactamase sensitivity?

Answer 5

1. Penicillin analogues which are not recognised by b-lactamases
2. Co-administration of b-lactamase inhibitors

Question 6

what does the peptidoglykan polysaccharide consist of?

Answer 6

alternating Nacetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)
monosaccharides

Question 7

how does penecilin affect peptidoglycan?

Answer 7

affects the last step of its synthesis

Question 8

what is endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria are the most common cause of toxic
reactions?

Answer 8

resulting from contamination of pharmaceutical products with

pyrogens

Question 9

what is the site of penicillinase action?

Answer 9

break in b lactam ring

Question 10

what are the physiological effects of pyrogens?

Answer 10

• dependant upon route of administration
• effects are dose dependant
• effects are dependant on the general state of health of the patient
• low doses induce an asymptomatic inflammatory response
• moderate doses induce fever and changes in plasma composition
• high doses result in shock, multiple organ failure and death