Vaccines Flashcards
what are the aims of a vaccination?
- aims vary from blocking transmission and preventing symptoms to eradication of disease
- protect individual against symptoms or pathology
what are some safety issues for live attenuated vaccines?
insufficient attenuation reversion to wildtype administration to immunodeficient patient persistent infection contamination by other viruses foetal damage
what are some safety issues for non-living vaccines?
contamination by toxins
allergic reactions
autoimmunity
what are some safety issues for genetically engineered vaccines?
possible inclusion of oncogenes
what are some benefits of passive immunity such as injecting antibodies?
- immediate immunity
- temporary as they will be broken down in blood stream due to its half life
what is active immunity?
when something actually activates your immune system
what is an attenuated vaccine?
- weak virus/virus can replicate but wont make you ill
- form memory cells
what is passive immunisation?
injection of purified antibody or antibody-containing serum to provide rapid, temporary protection or treatment of a person is termed passive immunization
what genetic roulette?
when we cant tell when the mutation will occur but we know it will happen
what is a DNA vaccine?
an injection of DNA itself WITH A SUITABLE PROMOTER
What are RNA vaccines?
- take the fragments of the mRNA and inject them into cell that will produce the antigens
- its held within a lipid nanoparticle to protect the mRNA strand
What are some advantages of RNA vaccines?
they can be produced very fast and cost of it isnt high
what are the factors that favour global eradication for infectious diseases?
- diseases that are limited to humans
- no long term carrier status
- easily recognised clinically is easy
- stable, cheap, effective vaccine for worldwide programme
how many injections are needed for immunity for hepatitis B?
3
what is the pnemococcal vaccine for?
protect us against pneucoccoccal inefection that can cause pnemonia, septicaemia and meningitis
