Bacteriology

Question 1

what are fungi?

Answer 1

hetrotrophs they cant manufacture their own food as photosynthetic organisms can

Question 2

what is the structure of fungi?

Answer 2

• composed of filaments called hyphae
• have cell walls but cell walls are composed of chitin
• dont have flagella at any phase of thie rlife

Question 3

what can the chemical production of fungi create?

Answer 3

• ethanol
• organic acids
• enzymes
• antibiotics

Question 4

what are bacterias?

Answer 4

prokaryotes so dont have. a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Question 5

what is the structure of bacteria?

Answer 5

• cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan
• bacteria can have an outer membrane consisting of lippolysaccharides and
proteins
• cytoplasm consists of cytosol, a semifluid medium
• ribosomes are granular inclusions that coordinate synthesis of proteins
• thylakoids are flattened discs with light-sensitive pigment molecules

Question 6

how can growth of bacteria the be measured?

Answer 6

measurement of cell number

measurements of cell mass

Question 7

what are the conditions that ned to be considered for growth for bacteria?

Answer 7

• oxygen or no oxygen
• temperature
• pH
• salt concentration

Question 8

why are fungal cells hard to treat?

Answer 8

they have a similar cell structure to human cells cant be treated with antibiotics

Question 9

what are protozoa?

Answer 9

small cells that are also heterotrophic

Question 10

what is an aerobe tolerant species?

Answer 10

they dont need oxygen but can tolerate it

Question 11

why is the high salt concentration and acidic conditions important at times?

Answer 11

can act as a preservative e.g. in ham its salty and citric acid

Question 12

how can you differentiate between different bacteria?

Answer 12

gram stain method

Question 13

what is gram negative stain bacteria?

Answer 13

have a cell wall, low amount of peptidoglykan,
are not sensitive against penicillin or lysozyme, are sensitive against
mechanical pressure (E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Question 14

what is a gram positive bacteria?

Answer 14

have a cell wall, high amount of peptidoglykan,
are sensitive against penicillin, lysozyme, are not sensitive against
mechanical pressure (Bacillus anthracis, Streptococcus mutans)

Question 15

what are the physiological effects of pyrogens?

Answer 15

• dependant upon route of administration
• effects are dose dependant
• effects are dependant on the general state of health of the patient
• low doses induce an asymptomatic inflammatory response
• moderate doses induce fever and changes in plasma composition
• high doses result in shock, multiple organ failure and death