Antibiotics 2 Flashcards
(49 cards)
macrolides MOA
Inhibit protein synthesis by 50S
macrolides spectrum
notenterobacteria, pseudomonas, occasionaly effective for obligate anaerobes gram negative
macrolides legal
in feed; must be under veterinary feed directive
erythromycin adverse effects/contraindications
diarrhea in large animals hyperthermia in foals vomiting in SA dont give IM solutions IV Do not give to dairy cattle older than 20 months
tilmicosin adverse effects/contraindications
may be cardiotoxic when given in injections
dont give IV to anything
dont give to lactating dairy cattle or goats
tulathromcin adverse effects/contraindications
serious affects not observed injection site reactions are possible high doses can cause myocardial lesions do not use in female dairy cattle over 20 months do not use in veal calves
tylosin
diarrhea skin rxn in pigs fatal to horses dont give PO to rodents or rabbits avoid IV administration dont inject more than 10/mL/IM site dont use in lactating dairy cattle
macrolides are bacterio_____
static
which macrolides are used for Bovine Respiratory complex
tulathromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin
what are sulfonamides MOA
inhibit enzymes involved in folic acid synthesis which is needed for purine synthesis and ultimately nucleic acid synthesis
general adverse effects and contraindications of sulfonamides and potentiated sulfonamide
Type II and III hypersensitivity arthropathy anemia and thrombocytopenia hepatopathy hypothyroidism KCS skin reactions dont give to animals sensitive to sulfas
spectrum of normal sulfonamides
when used alone are not very effective; resistance to these drugs is common
potentiated sulfonamides spectrum
not good for anaerobes or pseudomonas
sulfonamides legal
illegal to use in dairy cattle extralabel; except approved use of sulfadimethoxine, sulfabromomethazine, and sulfathoxypyridizine
absorption of sulfonamides
well absorbed orally
metaolism of sulfonamides
partially metabolized in liver depending on species, trimethoprim rapidly metabolized in ruminants
sulfamethazine MOA
competes with PABA for folic acid synthesis
sulfamethazinemethazine adverse effects and contraindications
use caution in dobermans
extralabel use prohibited in dairy cattle > 20 months
sulfasalazine mechanisms
competes with PABA and releases salicyclic acid to produce an antiinflammatory effect
sulfasalazine adverse effects/contraindications
extalabel use in dairy cattle prohibited >20 months
trimethorpim-sulfamethoxazole : Trimethorpim MOA
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
sulfamethoxazole MOA
competetive inhibitor of dihyrofolate synthesis
sulfamatheoxazole is metabolized more extensively than
sulfadiazine
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole adverse effects/contraindications
PO in horses leads to diarrhea and idiosyncratic neurological signs
dogs may be more sensitive because they cant acetylate sulfonamides to metabolites
extralabel use prohibited in lactating dairy cattle
