Pesticides

Question 1

what does the FDA regulate

Answer 1

systemics, orals, injectables; usually requires prescription or is dispensed by a licensed veterinarian

Question 2

what does the EPA regulate

Answer 2

externally applied, non-systemics; most OTC without prescription

Question 3

all known or supsected aadverse effects are to be reported to

Answer 3

manufacturer or appropriate agency

Question 4

what are combo drugs

Answer 4

different life stage targets
insecticide + acaricide
insecticide + synergists

Question 5

how do adulticides act

Answer 5

ion permeability

nerve receptors

Question 6

pyrethrin MOA

Answer 6

inhibits neurotransmission of sodium channels resulting in paralysis and death

Question 7

pyrethrin adverse effects

Answer 7

wide safety margin, topical irritation may occur at site of application

Question 8

pyrethrin closely related insectidcidal extract from

Answer 8

chrysanthemum plant- often combined with synergists

Question 9

permethrin MOA

Answer 9

inhibits transmission of sodium channels resulting in paralysis and death

Question 10

permethrin is a ____

Answer 10

pyrethroid

Question 11

pyrethroids effects

Answer 11

rapidly kill fleas and other insects on dogs, horse, cows, and SR and poultry;

Question 12

permethrin contraindications

Answer 12

dont use in cats

Question 13

indoxicarb MOA

Answer 13

(activyl) irreversible hyperactivation of voltage gated sodium channels in insect nerves; given in inactive form, activated by insect

Question 14

indoxacarb adverse events

Answer 14

minimal, hypersalivation if animals licks drug; rare cases of GI or neurologic signs reported in cats

Question 15

indoxacarb effects

Answer 15

prevents and kills adult fleas on dogs and cats

Question 16

fipronil MOA

Answer 16

(frontline)blocks GABA gated chloride channels in arthropods leading to seizures of fleas before death

Question 17

fipronil adverse events

Answer 17

do not ingest orally, animals may itch temprorarily, animals may salviate if they lick the drug

Question 18

fipronil is a

Answer 18

phylprazole

Question 19

fipronil effects

Answer 19

kills adult fleas, ticks, and chewing lice and aids in control of saroptic mange

Question 20

minimum age for fipronil

Answer 20

10-12 weeeks; safe for breeding pregnant and lactating animals

Question 21

afoxolaner MOA

Answer 21

(nexguard) Affects GABA gated chloride channels leading to spastic paralysis

Question 22

afoxolaner adverse events

Answer 22

safe; vomiting/diarrhea

Question 23

afoxolaner is a

Answer 23

isoxazoline

Question 24

afoxolaner kills

Answer 24

fleas and ticks

Question 25

fluralaner MOA

Answer 25

(bravecto) affects GABA gated chloride channels leading to spastic paralysis

Question 26

fluralaner adverse events

Answer 26

allergies, bleeding disorders, vomiting and diarrhea when given PO

Question 27

fluralaner is a

Answer 27

isoxazoline

Question 28

fluralaner kills

Answer 28

fleas and ticks

Question 29

fluralaner is not for animasl who are

Answer 29

allergic to beta lactams or recieving warfarin anticoagulants

Question 30

imidacloprid MOA

Answer 30

(advantage) irreversibly binds to nicotinic (Ach) receptors leading to fly seizures

Question 31

imidacloprid adverse events

Answer 31

safe

Question 32

imidacloprid is a

Answer 32

nicotinoid

Question 33

imidacloprid effect

Answer 33

chloronicotinic insecticide used to kill adult fleas by contact or ingestion

Question 34

nitenpyram MOA

Answer 34

(capstar) inhibits post synaptic nicotinic Ach receptors to produce an influx of sodium ions

Question 35

nitenpyram is a

Answer 35

nicotinoid

Question 36

nitenpyram effect

Answer 36

neonicotinoid drug used to kill adult fleas

Question 37

nitenpyram contraindications

Answer 37

use in 2 lbs or 4 weeks of age

Question 38

dinotefuran MOA

Answer 38

(vectra) inhibits nicotinic ACH RECEPTORS CAUSING THE FLEA TO STOP FEEDING AND DIE WITHIN HOURS

Question 39

dinotefuran adverse events

Answer 39

mammalian ach receptors are structurally different so there is no binding

Question 40

dinotefuran effect

Answer 40

nicitinoid; neonicotinoid drug that affects adult fleas in dogs and cats

Question 41

inoispinosad MOA

Answer 41

(comfortis) spinosyn a + d activates nicotinic Ach receptors causing muscle contractions, tremors, paralysis and deat of the flea

Question 42

spinosad adverse events

Answer 42

occasional vomiting doesnt seem to affect breeds with MDR gene; increased liver enzymes

Question 43

spinosad effect

Answer 43

spinosyn used as a monthly treatment for flea infestation; kills in 30 minutes

Question 44

spinosad contraindications

Answer 44

do not administer with high dose ivermectin; nursing

Question 45

spinosad produced by

Answer 45

saccharopolyspora spinosa bacterium- approved as organic

Question 46

macrolytic lactones MOA

Answer 46

increased release of inhibitory neurotransmitters leads to flaccid paralysis

Question 47

effeceffect of macrocyclic lactones

Answer 47

mecints and milbmycin osime insecticide, acaricide, endecticide

Question 48

cSs-methoprene, pyripoxyfan, diflubenzuron

Answer 48

(frontline) mimics juvenile hormones that keep larvae from molting or maturing

Question 49

lufenuron MOA

Answer 49

inhibits chitin synhesis preventing haching of flea eggs

Question 50

lufenuron adverse effents

Answer 50

sensitivity found in breeds with MDR mutation