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Small Animal Final Year > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Beta lactams:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Bactericidal

B) Time dependant

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2
Q

How many times a day would you give a concenetration dependant antibiotic?

A

Once a day

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3
Q

How many times a day would you give a time dependant antibiotic?

A

More than once a day

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4
Q

Aminoglycosides:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Bactericidal

B) Concentration dependant

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5
Q

Tetracyclines:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Bacteriostatic

B) Time-depedent

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6
Q

Fluoroquinolones:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Bactericidal

B) Concentration depedent

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7
Q

Sulphonamides:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Alone = static

Potentiated = cidal

B) Time

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8
Q

Diaminopyrimidines:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Static

B) Time

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9
Q

Metronidazole:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Cidal

B) Concentration

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10
Q

Are lincosamides Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bacterostatic but cidal at higher concentrations

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11
Q

Are macrolides Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

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12
Q

Are amphenicols Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

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13
Q

Are rifamycins Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of beta lactams?

A

Interfere with cell wall synthesis

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15
Q

Name 2 examples of beta lactams (4)

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Amoxicillin-cluvulanate
  • Vancomycin (for MRSA)
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16
Q

What type of antibiotics are those that affect cell wall synthesis?

A

Bacteriocidal

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of aminoglycosides?

A

Affect both subunits (50s and 30s) of protein synthesis

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18
Q

Name 3 examples of aminoglycosides (7)

A
  • Amikacin
  • Gentamycin
  • Tobramycin
  • Neomycin
  • Streptomycin
  • Kanamycin
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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of: amphenicols, macrolides and lincosamides?

A

Interfere with protein synthesis (50s)

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20
Q

Name an example of an amphenicol (2)

A
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Florfenicol
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21
Q

Name an example of a macrolifde (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Erythromycin
  • Azythromycin
22
Q

Name an example of lincosamide (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Lincomycin
  • Clindamycin
  • Pirlimycin
23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of: sulphonamide, dyaminopyrimidine and tetracycline?

Study These Flashcards
A

Interfere with protein synthesis (30s)

24
Q

Name the 2 antibiotic classes interfering with DNA synthesis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Fluoroquinolones (Inhibit DNA gyrase)
  • Metronidazole (free radicals disruption of bacterial DNA)
25
Which antibiotic class interferes with RNA synthesis?
•Rifamycin (Inhibit DNA dependent RNA synthesis)
26
Name the 2 antibiotic classes which interfere with cell membrane synthesis
Polymyxin •Polymyxin B (Bacillus polymixa) Bacitracin
27
What type of antibiotics are those that interfere with the cell membrane?
Bacteriocidal
28
Name 4 bacterias potentially involved (5)
* Staphylococcus * Streptococcus * Enterobacteriacae * Anaerobes * Pseudomonas
29
Would you give antibiotics? Why? Note: This horse had 3 synovial structures of each leg. Carpi fragments on radiographs
Yes as the synovial structures are involved
30
Do we give antibiotics? Why? If so, how/what?
* Yes * Wound from the field * Proximal interpharyngeal joint * Give AB IV as we want it to work right now * Oxytetracycline – easy to give in vein but not broad spectrum and we need this * Gentamycin in the vein and Penicillin I/M * Regional inperfusion – sedate horse, place tourniquet to occlude venous return, inject AB distally to tourniquet in vein.
31
What is the most likely bacteria in a dog open fracture?
Staphylococcus
32
Do we give antibiotics for an open fracture?
Yes
33
When would we give antibiotics to a sole ulcer?
If there is an underlying cause and it persists after draining
34
What is this?
Septic arthiritis in the interpharyngeal joint
35
What are the potential bacteria involved?
* Trueperella pyogenes * Enterobacteriacae (Gram -) * Escherichia coli * Shigella * Klebsiella * Salmonella * Yersinia * Citrobacter * Serratia * Proteus * Staphylococcus
36
What do you do with a spetic arthiritis of interpharyngeal joint?
Digit amputation
37
Can we give bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal antibiotics at the same time?
NO
38
Name side effects of penicillin (4)
•Anaphylaxis, Cardiac arrhythmias, transient hypotension, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
39
Name side effects of aminoglycosides (3)
•Nephrotoxic, Neuromuscular blockade, Ototoxic
40
Name side effects of Metronidazole (2)
•Inappetence/Anorexia, Enterocolitis
41
Name side effects of Tetracyclines (4)
•Nephrotoxic, gastric ulceration (doxycycline), erupting teeth and urine discoloration
42
Name side effects of Chloramphenicol (1)
•Reversible aplastic anemia (human)
43
Name side effects of Fluoroquinolone (1)
Oral ulceration
44
Name side effects of TMPS (1)
Enterocolitis
45
Name the 4 contra-indications of TMPS
* Pus (natural source of PABA) * TMPS try and inhibit the acid of bacteria by inhbiting PABA * Gestation (especially 1st trimester) * Block acid folic acid which is needed in pregnancy * Bioavailability decreased by feed * NOT WITH IV ALPHA 2 (Sudden death) – unknown why
46
What is the contra indication of fluoroquinolones?
•\< 3 yo (cartilage disorder)
47
What is the contra indication of tetracycline administration? Why?
•NEVER GIVE TETRACYLINE INTO THE MUSCLE = NECROSIS
48
Name 3 antibiotics concentrated in the urine (5)
Fluoroquinolones Aminoglycosides Beta-lactams Vancomycin Sulfonamides/potentiated sulfonamides
49
Name 3 antibiotics concentrated in leucocytes (4)
Clindamycin Erythromycin Fluoroquinolones Rifampin
50
NAme 4 antibiotics of choice in the CNS (6)
* Chloramphenicol * Doxycyline/minocycline * Fluoroquinolones * Metronidazole * Rifampin * Sulfonamides/trimethoprim
51
Name 2 antibtiotics to use when there in inflammation in the CNS (3)
* Penicillins * Some cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime) * Vancomycin

Small Animal Final Year (317 decks)

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