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Antibiotics Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What 3 antibiotics are resistant to ESBL producers?

A

Cephalosporins
Penicillins
Aztreonams

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2
Q

MIC definition

A

Lowest concentration of antibiotic that prevents growth

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3
Q

MBC definition

A

Lowest concentration of antibiotic at which bacterial population killed

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4
Q

MIC testing methods

A

Broth
E test
Automated systems

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5
Q

Qualitative susceptibility tests

A

Kirby Bauer

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6
Q

Principle of E test

A

Plastic strips containing preformed and predefined continuous stable antimicrobial gradient

Mueller Hinton agar

Ellipsis of growth - MIC

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7
Q

What tube is the MIC?

A

First tube without turbidity

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8
Q

Principle of Kirby Bauer

A

Single drug concentration diffuses out of disk

Creates a gradient (highest closest to disk)

Measure zone of inhibition

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9
Q

What things can cause an falsely large zone in Kirby Bauer?

A

Thin media

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10
Q

What can cause a false small zone in Kirby Bauer?

A

Too much in bacteria

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11
Q

What antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A

Beta lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapanems, monobactams)

Vancomycin

Daptomycin

Polypeptides

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12
Q

What antibiotics inhibit gyrase?

A

Topoisomerase

Quinolones

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13
Q

What antibiotics inhibit folate synthesis?

A

Trimethoprim

Sulfamethoxazole

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14
Q

What antibiotics inhibit free radicals?

A

Metronidazole

Nitrofuratoin

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15
Q

What antibiotics inhibit the 50S unit?

A 
Macrolides
Clindamycin 
Linezolid 
Streptogramins
Chloramphenicol
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16
Q

What antibiotics inhibit 30S?

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Tigecycline

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17
Q

what causes:
Tetracycline zone too large
clindamycin zone too small
E. coli or S. aureus controls

A

pH too low

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18
Q

what causes:
small tetracycline zone
large clindamycin zone
E coli or S aureus controls

A

pH too high

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19
Q

what causes:
small aminoglycoside zone
P. aeurginosa control

A

Ca and/or Mg too low

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20
Q

penicillins

A

methicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, piperacillin

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21
Q

cephalosporins

A

cephalexin

cefotoxin

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22
Q

carbapenems

A

imipenem

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23
Q

monobactams

A

aztreonam

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24
Q

glycopeptides

A

vancomycin

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25
macrolides
erythromycin
26
tetracylcines
tetracycline | doxycycline
27
aminoglycosides
gentamycin tobramycin amikacin
28
sulfonamides
trimethoprim
29
quinolones
ciprofloxacin | levofloxacin
30
major organism natural penicillins
strep
31
1st gen cephalosporins
cephalothin cefazolin cephalexin cefadroxil
32
1st gen cephalosporin activity
G+C except enterococcus | enterics
33
2nd gen cephalosporins
cefoxitin cefuroxime cefotetan cefuroxime
34
3rd gen cephalosporins
ceftoxamine ceftriaxone ceftizoxime ceftazidine
35
aztreonam active against
pseudomonas | GNR
36
beta lactams
penicillins cephalosporins monobactam glycopeptides
37
miscellaneous beta lactams
imipenem meropenem doripenem
38
vancomycin active against
G+ | C diff
39
bacitracin active against
G+ some G- topical
40
polymyxin B and colistin active against
G- | topical
41
aminoglycosides active against
G+ | G-
42
what is tobramycin particularly useful for
pseudomonas and acinetobacter
43
tetracyclines active against
G+ G- intracellular organisms
44
macrolides active against
intracellular organisms
45
erythromycin active against
``` G+ Respiratory infections (M pneumoniae, Legionella, Neisseria, Haemophilus) ```
46
clindamycin active against
G+
47
what G+C is universally susceptible to penicillin
group A, B, C strep
48
drugs for G- infections
``` aminoglycosides ES pencillins cephalosporins quinolones imipenem ```
49
drugs for pseudomonas
aminoglycosides ES penicillins 3 gen cephalosporins imipenem
50
ANA drugs
``` ES penicillins B lactams cefoxitin chloramphenicol imipenem metronidazole ```
51
nalidixic acid active against
UTI
52
flroroquinolones active against
complicated UTI | invasive ear infectionsfrom G-
53
too much Ca and Magnesium in Mueller Hinton affects
decreased activity of aminoglycosides and tetracyclines
54
increased thymidine in mueller hinton affects
decreased activity of sulfonamides
55
increased pH affects what
increased activity against aminoglycosides, eryhtromycin, clindamycin (increased diameter) decreased activity of tetracycline
56
agar too thick
smaller zones of inhibition
57
agar too thin kirby bauer
larger zones of inhibition
58
drugs for enterobacteriaceae
``` penicillins cephalosporins aztreonam imipenem aminoglycosides quinolones tigecycline trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole ```
59
drugs for staph
``` penicillins quinolones vanc erythromycin clindamycin trimethoprim tigecycline ```
60
drugs for pseudomonas
``` penicillins cephalosporins aztreonam imipenem aminoglycosides quinolones ```
61
drugs for enterococcus
``` ampicillin gentamycin vancomycin tigecycline linezolid ```
62
drugs for strep pneumoniae
``` pencillin cephalosporins imipenem quinolones vanc erythromycin clindamycin trimethoprim ```
63
organisms that most often produce beta lactamase
``` staph haemophilus influenzae neisseria gonorrhoeae moraxella enterococcus ```
64
most sensitive beta lactamse method
chromogenic cephalosporin nitrocefin
65
3 mechanisms for resistance to beta lactam anitbiotics in staph aureus
production of penicillin binding protein (mecA gene) hyper beta lactamase production production of modified PBPs
66
which type of MRSA is resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin
health care associated infections from MRSA
67
what gene is responsible for erythromycin resistance
msrA
68
what gene is responsible for clindamycin resistance
erm
69
what test is used to detect inducible resistance to clindamycin
D test
70
organisms that can be ESBL
``` e coli klebsiella proteus morganella serratia enterobacter pseudomonas ```
71
what induces AmpC
cefoxitin imipenem ampicillin
72
organisms with AmpC
``` providencia aeromonas citrbacter enterobacter morganella pseudomonas ```
73
what is AmpC
cephalosporinase | cephalosporin resistance

Microbiology (17 decks)

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