Spirochetes

Question 1

spirals with hooked ends

Answer 1

leptospira

Question 2

fletcher’s semi solid media

Answer 2

leptospira

Question 3

relapsing fever from ticks or lice

Answer 3

borrelia recurrentis

Question 4

looser coils

Answer 4

borrelia recurrentis

Question 5

what causes lyme disease

Answer 5

borrelia burgdorferi

Question 6

what is the vector for lyme disease?

Answer 6

ixodes ticks

Question 7

what medium is used to culture for b. burgdoferi?

Answer 7

kelly medium

Question 8

treponema spp causes Bejel and where its found

Answer 8

endemicum

E mediterranean, balkans, N africa

Question 9

treponema spp causes Yaws and where its found

Answer 9

pertenue
caribbean 
latin america
C africa
Far east

Question 10

treponema spp causes pinta and where its found

Answer 10

carateum

latin america

Question 11

what are the symptoms of primary syphilis?

Answer 11

painless chancre

regional lymphadenopathy

Question 12

what is the time frame for primary syphilis?

Answer 12

heals 3 - 6 weeks after infection

Question 13

how is primary syphilis diagnosed?

Answer 13

darkfield microscopy (serology may be negative)

Question 14

what are the symptoms of secondary syphilis?

Answer 14

rash on trunk and palms of hands and soles of feet
can infect organ systems
self limiting

Question 15

what is the time frame of secondary syphilis?

Answer 15

2 - 10 weeks after chancre appearance

Question 16

how is secondary syphilis diagnosed?

Answer 16

darkfield microscopy
serologic tests reactive
nontreponemal tests reactive

Question 17

what are the symptoms of latent syphilis? is it contagious?

Answer 17

symptomless

not contagious but can transmit to fetus

Question 18

what is the timeframe of latent syphilis?

Answer 18

secondary will progress to latent if left untreated

Question 19

how is latent syphilis diagnosed?

Answer 19

1/3 of untreated:

a. lose STS reactivity
b. remain STS reactive for life
c. develop tertiary disease

Question 20

what are the symptoms of tertiary syphilis?

Answer 20

neurosyphilis (8%)
gummatous
tabes dorsalis- paresis, blindness, dementia
cardiovascular (10%)

Question 21

what is the timeframe for tertiary syphilis?

Answer 21

3 - 15 years after infection

Question 22

how is tertiary syphilis diagnosed?

Answer 22

treponemal and serological tests

Question 23

what is the best test for CSF syphilis samples?

Answer 23

VDRL

Question 24

what are symptoms of congenital syphilis?

Answer 24

40% die
bone, CNS defects
saddle nose
facial lesions

Question 25

what are the nontreponemal tests?

Answer 25

VDRL | RPR

Question 26

what is the principle of VDRL?

Answer 26

cardiolipin + lecithin + cholesterol | detect reagin antibodies

Question 27

what is the antigen in VDRL tests?

Answer 27

cardiolipin

Question 28

what is the principle of RPR?

Answer 28

cardiolipin + lecithin + cholesterol + choline chloride + EDTA + charcoal to detect reagin antibodies

Question 29

what is the antigen in RPR?

Answer 29

cardiolipin

Question 30

what does choline chloride and EDTA do in RPR?

Answer 30

inactivate complement and stabilize antigen

Question 31

what is the principle of TP-PA?

Answer 31

particle agglutination

Question 32

what is the principle of FTA-ABS?

Answer 32

fluorescent antibody absorption Sorbent = Reiter's strain Antigen = Nichols strain

Question 33

what is the antigen in EIA for syphilis?

Answer 33

TmpA

Question 34

what conditions can cause a false positive nontreponemal test result?

Answer 34

``` autoimmune disease malaria pneumococcal pneumonia pregnancy IV drugs chronic infections in elderly cancers ```

Question 35

what is the traditional algorithm for syphilis testing?

Answer 35

trep > Nontrep > Nontrep (TP-PA)

Question 36

what is the reverse algorithm for syphilis testing?

Answer 36

Nontrep > Trep

Question 37

Most common method to id borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 37

Serology using IFA or EIA

Question 38

what medium is required for Borrelia?

Answer 38

modified Kelly's medium