Antibodies-antibody Classes, And Immunity

Question 1

T-helper subsets

Answer 1

TH0 (undetermined T-helper)

• TH1
• TH2

Question 2

Which T helper cell regulates cellular immunity?

Answer 2

TH1
-delayed type hypersensitivity
Macrophages invasion

Question 3

What type of T helper cell regulates humoral immunity

Answer 3

TH2

• antibodies
• allergic responses

Question 4

Antibody shape

Answer 4

Large Y shaped glycoprotein (lots of AA)

Question 5

What are antibodies produced by

Answer 5

B cells

Question 6

What ar the components of antibodies

Answer 6

Two heavy chains
Two light chains
Two cleavable fragments

Question 7

What are the two heavy chains on antibodies

Answer 7

• AA sequence determines isotype (IgG…etc)

- unique to each class

Question 8

What determines the iostype of an antibody (IgG, IgM..etc)

Answer 8

AA sequence on heavy chains

Question 9

What are the two light chains in antibodies

Answer 9

• either kappa or lambda

- shared by all classes

Question 10

Two cleavable fragments on antibodies

Answer 10

• Fab-antigen binding

- Fc-tail that cells go after

Question 11

Where do macrophages attach to antibodies?

Answer 11

Fc-site

Question 12

What holds the heavy chains together?

Answer 12

Disulfide

Question 13

What kind of immune response is IgG?

Answer 13

Secondary

Question 14

Structure of IgG

Answer 14

Monomers

-subclasses differ in # of disulfide bonds and hinge length

Question 15

What is the major Ig in plasma?

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

What is the only Ig class to cross placenta via Fcy receptors

Answer 16

IgG

Question 17

What do IgG bind to

Answer 17

APCs and PMNs via Fcy receptors

Question 18

What two antibodies fix complement

Answer 18

IgG and IgM

Question 19

Structure of IgM

Answer 19

Pentamer

-J chain connected 5 identical u monomers

Question 20

What is the third most common Ig in plasma

Answer 20

IgM

Question 21

Firs Ig to be made in fetus, and first to be made by virgin Ag-stimulated B-cells

Answer 21

IgM

Primary immune response

Question 22

Structure of IgA

Answer 22

Monomers and dimers

Question 23

Where is the monomer form of IgA found

Answer 23

Plasma

Question 24

Where is the dimmer form of IgA founds

Answer 24

Secretions

Question 25

What connects the IgA monomers

Answer 25

J chain

Question 26

Secretory piece in IgA

Answer 26

- made in epithelial cells - aids in transport and protects from degradation - help it secrete in tears, saliva, etc

Question 27

What is the second most common Ig in plasma

Answer 27

IgA

Question 28

Major class of Ig in secretions, important in mucosal immunity

Answer 28

IgA

Question 29

Does IgA fix complement

Answer 29

No | Found in places you don't want inflammation! GI

Question 30

Where is IgD primarily found

Answer 30

On B cell surfaces | -receptor for antigen

Question 31

What happens if an antigen binds IgD?

Answer 31

It'll pull it inside the B cell | Can ingest and present

Question 32

Structure of IgE

Answer 32

Monomer

Question 33

Least common Ig in plasma

Answer 33

IgE

Question 34

Binds tightly to Fce receptors on basophils and mast cells

Answer 34

IgE

Question 35

Where are mast cells always located

Answer 35

Tissues

Question 36

What happens to blood pressure in allergic reaction

Answer 36

IgE binds to allergen, causes mast cell to produce histamine | -drops BP DRASTICALLY

Question 37

Involved in allergic reactions

Answer 37

IgE

Question 38

Involved in parasitic infections

Answer 38

IgE | -binding of eosinophils to IgE-coated parasites results in killing of the parasites

Question 39

What releases histamine

Answer 39

Mast cells

Question 40

What arms the mast cells, waiting to bind to allergens

Answer 40

IgE

Question 41

IgE is docked on

Answer 41

Mast cells - allergen crosslinks IgE - inflammatory mediators are released

Question 42

What do all antibodies do

Answer 42

Neutralize and agglutinate

Question 43

Why does primary response take a long time

Answer 43

- producing own antibodies | - IgM to IgG switch takes some time

Question 44

What causes the IgM/IgG switch

Answer 44

Controlled by interleukins and co stimulators signals from TH2 cells

Question 45

What predominates in mucosal immunity

Answer 45

IgA

Question 46

Viral window in HIV

Answer 46

Long viral window, wont produce antibody for up to 6 months

Question 47

What is viral window

Answer 47

Infected, but hasn't made any antibodies yet

Question 48

What's the difference between active and passive immunization

Answer 48

Artificial is with altered agent or its antigens Passive is with antibodies

Question 49

Active immunity

Answer 49

Making own antibodies

Question 50

Passive immunity

Answer 50

Receiving other antibodies

Question 51

Immediate but short lived

Answer 51

Passive immunity

Question 52

Artificial passive vaccines

Answer 52

- immunoglobins | - antivenom/antitoxin

Question 53

Artificial active vaccines

Answer 53

- live - killed/fixed - toxoid - subunit - DNA

Question 54

Natural active

Answer 54

Natural infection

Question 55

Post rabies prophylaxis

Answer 55

- RIG + antigen - helps make one antibodies - RIG: if already had exposure