Intro To Immunity And Inflammation Part II

Question 1

What are the functions of antibodies

Answer 1

• neutralize and aggluntinate antigens
• tag/identify specific invaders for phagocytosis (opsonization)
• activate complement
• enhance NK-cell activity

Question 2

What kind of protection is IgG?

Answer 2

Long term

Secondary immune response

Question 3

What is the only antibody that crosses the placenta?

Answer 3

IgG

Question 4

What do all of the antibodies do

Answer 4

Neutralize and agglutinate

Question 5

IgD

Answer 5

Defective, intermediate

Question 6

How many epitope can IgM bind?

Answer 6

10

Question 7

IgE

Answer 7

Allergies and worms

-gets bored and binds to things causing allergies if not exposed to other things for it to “do”

Question 8

What antibody crosses the mucous membrane

Answer 8

IgA

Question 9

Which antibody is present the most in secretions?

Answer 9

IgA mostly

Some IgM and IgE

Question 10

What is the predominant antibody in the blood?

Answer 10

IgG

Question 11

What antibody can cross placenta

Answer 11

IgG

Question 12

Which antibodies activate complement

Answer 12

IgG and IgM

Question 13

What antibody reacts with neutrophils and macrophages mostly?

Answer 13

IgG (some IgA)

Question 14

What antibody reacts with basophils and mast cells?

Answer 14

IgE

Question 15

Why don’t you want IgA in GI?

Answer 15

Activates complement which activates inflammation, don’t want inflammation in the GI

Question 16

Secondary immune response and past infection Is class?

Answer 16

IgG

Question 17

Primary immune response and acute infection Ig class?

Answer 17

IgM

Question 18

Largest antibody

Answer 18

IgM

Question 19

Antibody class associated with allergies

Answer 19

IgE

Question 20

Immunological response in nutshell

Answer 20

• microorganissms penetrate innate barriers
• macrophage ingest and present antigen
• Ag activates specific memory Th and B cells
• antibodies and plasma cells that produce them are specific to a single antigen
• after battle, only a few memory B cells and T cells are left on guard for that antigen

Question 21

What does HIV attach

Answer 21

CD-4 directly

Takes out immune systems traffic cop

Question 22

Primary immune response-1st exposure

Answer 22

• requires 1-2 weeks post first exposure
• antibody response not long lived
• symptoms of illness occur during this time (acute phase)
• antigen selected B and T cells need time to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells

Question 23

Time you have a pathogen and no antibodies to attack it in primary immune response

Answer 23

Viral window

Question 24

What 3 things describe the primary immune response

Answer 24

• delayed
• robust
• IgM

Question 25

When do B cells make antibodies in the primary immune response?

Answer 25

Whenever they become plasma cells, they cannot produce antibodies until then

Question 26

Secondary immune response -subsequent exposures

Answer 26

- hours to days to occur - greater magnitude response and more prolonged - occurs due to presence of memory cells - IgG

Question 27

How do you differentiate actute illness from a past illness with antibodies

Answer 27

Measure IgM

Question 28

Is allergic response primary or secondary?

Answer 28

Secondary, you have to have been exposed before to have an allergy to it

Question 29

What antibody class is secondary response predominated by

Answer 29

IgG

Question 30

Blood is drawn from a patient presenting with symptoms of hepatitis. The test ordered include hepatitis A antigen, anti hepatitis A (IgM), anti hepatitis A (IgG), hepatitis B antigen, anti hepatitis B (IgM) and anti hepatitis B (IgG). Lab results are ``` Hep A Ag- neg anti-hep A (IgG)-neg Anti-hep A (IgM)-neg Hep B Ag-POS Anti Hep B (IgG)-neg Anti-hep B (IgM)-POS ``` What is your interpretation?

Answer 30

Acute and recent because antigen still present and presence of IgM

Question 31

Subject actively produces their own antibodies. Requires exposure to infections agent again

Answer 31

Active

Question 32

Natural active

Answer 32

Natural infection

Question 33

Artificial active

Answer 33

Immunization with altered agent or its antigens | -immunizing with killed agent. Cannot determine if active or passive until know what you were immunized with

Question 34

Subject receives exogenous antibodies. Does not confer long term immunity

Answer 34

Passive

Question 35

Passive natural immunity

Answer 35

Mother child (IgG-placenta)

Question 36

Artificial passive immmunity

Answer 36

Immunization with antibodies - when we want them to have immediate protection - such as a snake bite and rabies - don't have time to wait for own antibodies to be produced - this is both active and passive!

Question 37

Hazards of immunity

Answer 37

- inadvertent injury to the host - development of autoimmunity - hypersensitivity reactions

Question 38

Body sites and tissues that are immune privileged

Answer 38

- Eye - Brain: ventricles and striatum - pregnant uterus - testes and ovary - adrenal cortex - hair follicles - hamster cheek pouch - certain tumors

Question 39

Hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 39

ACID - type I: allergy/immediate - type II: cell-bound/cytotoxic - type III:immune complex - type IV: delayed

Question 40

What kind of responses are all of the ACID hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 40

Secondary responses and more than one can take place at the same time

Question 41

Which hypersensitivity reactions ate antibody mediated

Answer 41

Type I, II, III

Question 42

What type of hypersensitive reaction is cell mediated

Answer 42

Type IV: delayed

Question 43

What is the only hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by IgE?

Answer 43

Allergy/immediate (type I)

Question 44

Mechanism of type I (allergy/immediate) reaction

Answer 44

Allergen cross links mast cell-bound IgE, triggers degranulation

Question 45

Clinical presentation of type I hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 45

Anaphylaxis, atopy, asthma, hives, hay fever

Question 46

Clinical presentation of type II hypersensitivity reaction (cell-bound/cytotoxic)

Answer 46

Transfusion reaction, immune hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, graves, myesthenia gravis, graft rejection

Question 47

Mechanism of type II (cell-bound/cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 47

Complement-activating contibodies (IgM/IgG) bind to cells and trigger lysis

Question 48

Clinical presentation of type III hypersenitivity reaction (immune complex)

Answer 48

Serum sickness, arthus reaction, SLE, RA, poststeptococcal glomerulonephritis, farmers lung, vasculitis

Question 49

Mechanism of type III hypersensitivity reaction (immune complexly)

Answer 49

Circulating immune complexes contains complement fixing antibodies (IgG)

Question 50

Which types of hypersensitivity reactions use complement

Answer 50

Type II and III

Question 51

Clinical presentation of type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 51

TB skin test, contact dermatitis, celiac disease, type I DM, MS, graft rejection

Question 52

Mechanism for type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 52

Sensitized lymphocytes