Immunologucal Tolerance And Autoimmunity BLOCK 6

Question 1

Tolerance to non self

Answer 1

• will not develop MHC Ab if exposed enough

- or if body is overwhelmingly over attacked. Can give wrong blood type to prevent death

Question 2

Specific immunological unresponsiveness triggered by previous exposure to a specific antigen

Answer 2

Tolerance

Question 3

Antigens that induce tolerance

Answer 3

Tolerogens

Question 4

Tolerance is _________ and results from the recognition of antigens by specific lymphocytes

Answer 4

Antigen specific

Question 5

Normal people show _______

Answer 5

Self tolerance

Question 6

Foreign bodies may be administered in ways that preferentially inhibit immune response by inducing tolerance in specific lymphocytes

Answer 6

Antigen induction

Question 7

Similarities of induction of tolerance to induction of immunity

Answer 7

• tolerance is an antigen-induced active process
• tolerance is antigen specific
• tolerance can exist in B cells, T cells or both

Question 8

Tolerance can exist in what

Answer 8

B cells, T cells or both

Question 9

Any conduction in which there is a deficiency or inability to mount a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response

Answer 9

Immunodeficiency

Question 10

What does immunodeficiency lack

Answer 10

Specificity to antigen

Question 11

The suppression of immune responses to antigens due to physical or checmical insults

Answer 11

Immunosuppression

Question 12

Immunosuppression lacks

Answer 12

Specificity to antigen

Question 13

When there is no tolerance

Answer 13

Immunodeficiency

Question 14

Antigen factors

Answer 14

• antigen dose
• physical monomer (better than aggregates)
• route of administration

Question 15

Host factors in immunological tolerance

Answer 15

• hereditary
• age
• gender
• health

Question 16

Dose of antigen that favors immune response

Answer 16

Optimal dose

Question 17

Dose ofantigen that favors tolerance

Answer 17

Very large or very small dose

Question 18

Physical form of antigen to favor immune response

Answer 18

Large, aggregated complex

Question 19

Physical form of antigen that favors tolerance

Answer 19

Not processed

Question 20

Administration route that favors immune response

Answer 20

Subcutaneous or intramuscular

Question 21

Age of responding animal that favors immune response

Answer 21

Adult

Question 22

Age of animal that favors tolerance

Answer 22

Newborn

Question 23

Occurs in the central lymphoid organs as a consequence of immature self-reactive lymphocytes recognizing ubiquitous SELF TOLERANCE

Answer 23

Central tolerance

• thymus for T cells
• Bone marrow for B cells

Question 24

Induced in peripheral organs as a result of matur eeself reactive lymphocytes encountering tissue specific self antigens under particular conditions.

Answer 24

Peripheral tolerance

Outside bone marrow and thymus

Question 25

Physical deletion/elimination of T cells tha have receptors specific for self antigens

Answer 25

Colonial deletion (apoptotic cell death)

Question 26

How does clonal deletion work

Answer 26

Via negative selection

Question 27

What does clonal deletion results in what

Answer 27

Self tolerance

Question 28

Lack of co-stimulators signals

Answer 28

Clonal anergy

Question 29

Clonal anergy is the action of

Answer 29

Regulatory (suppressor) lymphocytes

Question 30

A failure to control the function of self-reactive cells which escaped to the periphery, results in

Answer 30

Autoimmune disease. Tolerance fails

Question 31

Type I DM is what

Answer 31

Type 4 hypersensitivity, AI

Question 32

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 32

AI | Type II hypersensitivity

Question 33

Antibodies against the receptors can ________ or _______ the receptor in autoimmune disease

Answer 33

Activate | Destroy

Question 34

Is autoimmune disease always destructive?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

What is an example of an AI that activation occurs

Answer 35

Grave's disease Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor agonist

Question 36

What is an example of destructive AI

Answer 36

Myasthenia Gravis Ach receptor antagonist

Question 37

What's the difference between Graves Vs Hashimotos

Answer 37

Hashimotos turns thyroid to hash, HYPOthyroidism

Question 38

What does Graves' disease result in

Answer 38

hyperthyroidism

Question 39

What does Myasthenia Gravis result in

Answer 39

Progressive weakness

Question 40

Destruction of thyroid by thyroid specific antibodies. The "brake", results in hypothyroidism

Answer 40

Hashimotos

Question 41

Antithyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody. The "gas" pedal. Hyperthyroidism

Answer 41

Graves' disease

Question 42

Immunologically privileged sites

Answer 42

- brain - eye - testes/ovaries - uterus