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Immunology Block 5 > Transplant Immunology > Flashcards

Transplant Immunology Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Hypersensitivity type I

A

Allergy/anaphylactic
IgE
Ab mediated

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2
Q

Hypersensitivity type II

A

Cells/cytotoxic
IgG, IgM
Ab mediated

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3
Q

Hypersensitivity type III

A

Immune complex
IgG, IgM
Ab mediated

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4
Q

Hypersensitivity type IV

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity
T cell
Cell mediated

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5
Q

What T cells are most important in type 4 HS

A

CD8 and TH2

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6
Q

Self tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual

A

Autografts

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7
Q

Tissue transferred between genetically identical individuals

A

Isograft

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8
Q

Tissue transferred between genetically different members of the same species

A

Allograft

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9
Q

What is the most common classification of grafts

A

Allograft

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10
Q

Tissue transferred between different species

A

Xenografts

Doesn’t work well

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11
Q

Transplanted tissue is rejected by the host

A

Host vs graft disease

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12
Q

Host is attacked by transplanted T cells

A

Graft vs Host disease

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13
Q

What is the typical rejection called

A

Host vs graft disease

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14
Q

Who do we typically see graft vs host disease in

A

Immunocompromised people.

T cells from bone marrow can attach newborn after transplant because they are immunocompromised

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15
Q

Where is HLA located

A

Short arm of chromosome 6

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16
Q

What are the most important HLA for type I

A

HLA-A, HLA-B

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17
Q

What is the most important HLA type for type II

A

HLA-DR

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18
Q

What is the most common organ transplant

A

Blood

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19
Q

What is the second most common organ transplant?

A

Cornea. Don’t have to worry about HLA typing because they don’t have MHC. Don’t need to treat them with immunosuppressant like all other tissues

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20
Q

What is critical in transplant rejection

A

T cells

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21
Q

What happens to rate of rejection after someone has already had a rejected transplant in the past?

A

They reject much faster

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22
Q

Antibodies to HLA can play a big role in rejection, but _________ play biggest role

A

T cells

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23
Q

Long survival of allografts in children with

A

Thymus deficiency, tells us that T cells are important in rejections

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24
Q

What T cells are involved in graft rejection

A

CD4 and CD8

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25
Blocking CD8 alone, graft rejected in how many days
15 days
26
How many days to reject hen just blocking CD4 alone
30 days
27
How many days does it take to reject graft when blocking CD8 and CD4
60 days
28
Which T cell is most important in graft rejection
CD4, but CD8 does play some role
29
What do you have to make sure of before giving someone a transplant
Make sure they are ABO compatible
30
What are the two stages of graft rejection
Sensitization stage | Effector stage
31
What stage of graft rejection has antigen reactive lymphocytes activated by graft alloantigens
Sensitization stage
32
What stage of graft rejection is there immune destruction of the graft
Effector stage
33
What T cells recognize alloantigens
CD4 and CD8
34
Cells that recognize MHC I
CD8
35
Cells that recognize MHCII
CD4
36
Donor and recipient APCs migrate from graft to
Block sensitization to prevent rejections
37
What happens in the sensitization stage of graft rejection
- CD4 and CD8 T cells recognize alloantigens - donor and recipient APCs migrate from graft to block sensitation to prevent rejection - stimulate activation of T lymphocytes
38
Effector stage
- Ab mediated - cell mediated - cytokines released
39
What does IL-2 do in graft rejection
Promotes T cell proliferation
40
What does IFN-y do in graft rejection
Promotes DTH response, promotes influx of macrophages. UPREGULATES MHCI AND MHCII TYPE I HS
41
What does TNF-B (LT-a) do in graft rejection
Is cytotoxic to graft cells
42
What type of HS reaction are the cytokines in the effector stage of graft rejection
Type I
43
What for IFN-y do in graft rejection
upregulates MHC I and MHC II so it can check out the graft and tell it to "reveal itself"
44
What does the TNF-a do in graft rejection
Waits for it to reveal itself so it can kill it (MHCI)
45
What are the types of rejections
- hyperacute rejection - acute rejection - chronic rejection
46
What type of HS reaction is hyperacute rejection
Type II (Ab mediated)
47
What type of HY reaction is acute rejection
Type 4 (cell mediated)
48
What type of HS reaction is chronic rejection?
Both type II and IV (Ab mediated and cell mediated)
49
Hyperacute rejection
Minutes to days
50
Acute rejection
Weeks up to 6 months
51
Chronic rejection
6 months or longer
52
What does hyperacute rejection occur due to
Preexisting host Ab to HLA (woman who has had multiple births will have this
53
Someone who has had previous blood transfusions is susceptible to what?
Hyperacute rejection, due to residual WBC in blood
54
Who is predisposed to hyperacute rejection
- previous blood transfusion - multiple pregnancy - previous transplants
55
What happens once hyperacute rejection happens
- fever and anaphylactic reaction - infilatration of neutrophils - cap blood clotting
56
Hyperacute rejection is due to what
Preformed AB to HLA
57
What is acute rejection caused by
Infiltration of grafts by mononuclear cells (CD4 cells) Involves T cell mediated reactions (HS type 4)
58
What does chronic rejection include
Humor and cell mediated responses (2 nad 4)
59
What is IDed in donor organs before transplant
HLAs, also IDed in recipient tissue
60
What does microcytotoxicity test for
Test for HLA Add Ab from recipients to donor cells -if Ab binds, will kill cell Look at the blue circles and see whihc ones match up the best to the recipient ones
61
Which match is more important in degree of match?
MHC II
62
What are the most important HLAs in MHC I
A and B
63
What is the most important HLA for MHC II
DR
64
Compatibility is determined by mixing killed donor lymphocytes (MHC) with recipient lymphocytes
Mixed lymph response (MLR)
65
What is proliferation in MLR measure by
Uptake of tritiated thymidine
66
Whe looking at MLR, what can you tell
Lower number=Celsius are happy with transplant Higher number=host not happy with transplant (they are 'hot and angry')
67
What are the 3 processes of immunosuppression therapy
- surgical (remove) - irradiation (radiate) - drugs (slow down rejection time)
68
What kind of immunosuppression therapy does a corneal transplant need
None
69
Transplant complications
- infection - malignancy - tissue rejection
70
What is the number one transplant
Blood transfusion
71
What is the second most common transplant
Cornea

Immunology Block 5 (11 decks)

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