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Pharmacology HOSA > Antiepileptics > Flashcards

Antiepileptics Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Atonic

A

Generalized seizure with loss of muscle tone, person suddenly drops

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2
Q

Convulsion

A

Paroxysm (occurring suddenly) of involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations

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3
Q

Epilepsy

A

Chronic, recurring seizure disorder

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4
Q

Generalized seizures

A

Loss of consciousness during seizure

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5
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Overgrowth of gum tissue

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6
Q

Focal seizures

A

Localized seizure in the brain, with no impaired consciousness, aka partial seizure

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7
Q

Myoclonic

A

Sudden, forceful muscular contraction

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8
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary and constant movements of the eyeball

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9
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Reduction in all cellular elements of the blood

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10
Q

Precipitation

A

Condensation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reactions

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11
Q

Seizure

A

Cluster of symptoms resulting from abnormal activity in the brain

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12
Q

Status epilepticus

A

Emergency situation characterized by continual seizure activity

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13
Q

Tonic-clonic

A

Generalized seizure activity consisting of alternating contraction (tonic) and relaxation (clonic) of muscles

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14
Q

Seizure disorders classifications

A

Idiopathic, hereditary, acquired

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15
Q

Idiopathic seizures

A

No known cause

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16
Q

Hereditary seizure disorders

A

Passed from parent to child in their genetic makeup

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17
Q

Acquired seizure disorders

A

Known cause (high fever, electrolyte imbalances, uremia, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, brain tumors, injury, and some drug withdrawal symptoms)

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18
Q

Known causes of epilepsy

A

Brain injury at birth, head injuries, and inborn error of metabolism,

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19
Q

Drug of first choice for focal seizures

A

Lamotrigine

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20
Q

Drug of first choice for generalized seizures

A

Valproate

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21
Q

Drug categories used as antiepileptics

A

Hydantoins, carboxylic acid derivatives, succinimides, oxazolidinediones, and benzodiazepines

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22
Q

Antiepileptics MOA

A

Depress abnormal neural discharges in the CNS

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23
Q

Hydantoins MOA for seizures

A

Stabilize the hyperexcitability postsynaptically in the motor cortex of the brain

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24
Q

Carboxylic acid derivatives MOA seizures

A

Increase GABA levels, stabilizing cell membranes

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25
Succinimides MOA seizures
Depress the motor cortex and create a higher threshold before nerves react to the convulsive stimuli
26
Oxazolidinediones MOA seizures
Decrease repetitive synaptic transmissions of nerve impulses
27
Benzodiazepines MOA seizures
Elevate the seizure threshold by decreasing postsynaptic excitation
28
Nonspecifed antiepileptic Drugs
Gabapentin, topiramate
29
Antiepileptics uses
Prophylactically for seizures after trauma or neurosurgery in patients with a tumor, neuropathic pain, bipolar, anxiety, all seizure types
30
Drug of choice for status epilepticus
Lorazepam, but its effects last for a shorter period of time, so longer lasting epileptics (phenytoin) are also given
31
Clobazam use
Adjuvant to treat Lennox-gastaut syndrome (very rare form of epilepsy)
32
Antiepileptics side effects nature
Intolerable, 25% of people who experience them will stop taking their meds
33
Antiepileptics CNS side effects
Drowsiness, headache, somnolence, nystagmus, ataxia, slurred speech
34
Antiepileptics GI system reactions
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, constipation, gingival hyperplasia
35
Felbamate side effects
Acute liver failure
36
Felbamate classifications
Antiepileptic
37
Antiepileptics general reactions, recurrence of seizure activity from abrupt discontinuation (taper off instead)
Skin rashes, pruritus, urticaria, urinary frequency, suicidal ideation
38
Lamotrigine side effects
Serious skin reactions, such as SJS
39
Ezogabine side effects
Urinary retention, and pain
40
Antiepileptics pregnancy considerations
Association between antiepileptics and birth defects, when on birth control, carbamazepine, felbamate, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, and topiramate increase chance of pregnancy
41
Carbamezepine as an antiepileptic Side Effect
Hematologic changes, such as pancytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia
42
Felbamate side effects
Hematologic changes such as pancytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia
43
Trimethadione side effects as an antiepileptic
Hematologic changes, such as pancytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia
44
Phenytoin contraindications
Sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, Adams-Stokes syndrome, and 2nd and 3rd degree AV block, pregnancy (cat D), lactation
45
Ethotoin contraindications
Pregnancy (cat D), hepatic abnormalities,
46
Oxazolidinediones contraindications
Pregnancy (can cause fetal malformations), have been associated with serious adverse reactions, and should only be used when other, less toxic drugs aren’t effective
47
Succinimides contraindications
Bone marrow depression, or hepatic or renal impairment, and a higher risk of systemic lupus erythematosus
48
Carbamazepine contraindications
Within 14 days of taking MAOIs, bone marrow depression, or hepatic or renal impairment, pregnancy (cat D)
49
Valproic acid contraindications
Renal impairment, pregnancy (cat D)
50
Oxcarbazepine side effects
May exacerbate dementia (not preferred for elderly)
51
Antiepileptics precautions
Liver or kidney disease, neurological disorders
52
Esilcarbazepine precautions
Can cause hyponatremia
53
Oxcarbazepine precautions
Can cause hyponatremia
54
Phenytoin precautions
Hypotension, severe myocardial insufficiency, hepatic impairment
55
Lacosmaide precautions
Hypotension, severe myocardial insufficiency, hepatic impairment
56
Trimethadione precautions
Eye disorders (retinal or optic nerve disease)
57
Non specified antiepileptics precautions
Glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, history of cardiac, renal, or liver dysfunction, and psychiatric disorders
58
Valproic acid precautions
Increased risk for pancreatitis, and is associated with hepatic failure and birth defects
59
Vigabatrin use
Treat refractory complex focal seizures
60
Vigabitrin precautions
May cause progressive and permanent vision loss
61
Antiepileptics interactions
Antibiotics, antifungals, TCAS, salicylates, and cimetidine all increase effect of antiepileptic, theophylline decrease antiepileptic serum levels, multiple antiepileptics taken together may increase seizure activity, analgesics and alcohol increase depressant effect, and antidiabetics increase blood glucose levels
62
Carbamazepine interactions
Protease inhibitors increase carbamazepine levels, and can possibly result in toxicity
63
Routine lab monitoring when taking carbamazepine
White blood cells
64
Routine lab monitoring when taking esilcarbazepine
Serum sodium
65
Routine lab monitoring when taking felbamate
Liver function study
66
Routine lab monitoring when taking oxcarbazepine
Serum sodium
67
Routine lab monitoring when taking phenytoin
Serum phenytoin levels
68
Routine lab monitoring when taking valproic acid
Platelet count/serum ammonia
69
Hydantoins ex
Ethotoin, fosphenytoin, phenytoin
70
Carboxylic acid derivatives ex
Valproic acid
71
Succinimides ex
Ethosuximide, methsuximide
72
Oxazolidinediones ex
Trimethadione
73
Non-specified antiepileptics ex
Acetazolamide, brivaracetam, carbamezapine, esilcarbazepine, ezogabine, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, magnesium, oxcarbazepine, perampenel, pregablin, primidone, Rufinamide, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, zonisamide

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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