Antiviral Drugs

Question 1

Circumoral

Answer 1

Circling or surrounding the mouth

Question 2

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Answer 2

Multiple drugs used together for treatment of HIV infection

Question 3

Host cell

Answer 3

A live cell (either plant or animal) where a virus embeds itself to reproduce

Question 4

Retinitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of retina of eyeball

Question 5

Retrovirus

Answer 5

Virus that uses RNA as its primary component instead of DNA

Question 6

Unlabeled use

Answer 6

Use of a drug to treat a condition that isn’t officially approved by the FDA

Question 7

Antivirals MOA

Answer 7

Attempt to disable to protein part of the virus, and attempts to prevent the virus form removing the protein capsule, keeping the genetic material from spilling out into the host cell

Question 8

Antiviral uses

Answer 8

Cytomegalovirus (ex: retinitis), CMV prevention in transplant recipients, hepatitis B and C, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 and herpes zoster, HIV, influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus

Question 9

Antivirals adverse reactions

Answer 9

Nausea, and vomiting, diarrhea, headache, rash, fever, insomnia

Question 10

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Answer 10

Few symptoms in healthy individuals, symptoms in people with HIV or cancer include malaise, pneumonia, fever and superinfection. CMV can infect eyes

Question 11

HPV

Answer 11

STI, symptoms minor (many don’t know they are infected), can cause warts, cervical cancer and rare form of throat warts or cancers

Question 12

Hepatitis B and C

Answer 12

Inflammation of liver, symptoms include fever and joint pains, most people show no signs until disease becomes chronic

Question 13

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Answer 13

HSV-1: oral, ocular, or facial infections (painful vesicular lesions
HSV-2: genital herpes

Question 14

Herpes zoster virus (HZV)

Answer 14

Aka shingles, caused by chickenpox, recovery form childhood chicken pox results in the infection lying dormant and may be reactivated as the immune system weakens

Question 15

HIV

Answer 15

Transmitted though bodily secretions, destroys immune system, symptoms include chills, fever, night sweats, dry productive cough, dyspnea, lethargy, malaise, fatigue, weight loss and diarrhea

Question 16

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)

Answer 16

Highly contagious and affects mainly children, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia

Question 17

Cidofovir contraindications

Answer 17

renal impairment or be used with nephrotic meds

Question 18

Rimantadine precautions

Answer 18

Caution with low blood cell counts, history of epilepsy

Question 19

Probenecid interactions

Answer 19

Probenecid results in increased serum levels of antivirals,

Question 20

Types of HAART drugs

Answer 20

Protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors

Question 21

Antiretrovirals uses

Answer 21

HBV, HIV, and AIDS

Question 22

Truvada

Answer 22

Combination drug for HIV, includes emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil, is the only antiretroviral approved for the prevention of HIV. Used for pre-exposure prophylaxis

Question 23

Antiretroviral adverse reactions

Answer 23

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, altered taste,headache, fever, chills, rash, numbness and tingling in the circumoral area

Question 24

Antiretrovirals contraindications

Answer 24

Lactating women, patients using cisapride, pimozide, triazolam, midazolam, or an ergot derivative. Ritonavir is contraindicated with bupropion, zolpidem, and antiarrhythmics

Question 25

Antiretorvirals general precautions

Answer 25

Diabetes mellitus, impaired hepatic function, pregnancy (cat B and C), or hemophilia

Question 26

Antiretrovirals precautions indinavir

Answer 26

Caution with history of kidney or bladder stones

Question 27

Antiretrovirals precautions didanosine

Answer 27

Patients at risk for pancreatitis, especially elderly

Question 28

Precautions antiretorvirals fosamprenavir and amprenavir

Answer 28

Caution with sulfonamide allergy

Question 29

Precautions antiretrovirals protease inhibitors

Answer 29

Ergot derivative shouldn’t be prescribed, grapefruit juice can increase drug concentration and garlic can reduce it. Both shouldn’t be eaten

Question 30

Antiretroviral interactions

Answer 30

Antifungals result in increased serum level in antiretrovirals, clarithromycin results in increased serum levels in both drugs, interleukins result in risk of antiretroviral toxicity, fentanyl results in increased serum levels of fentanyl, oral contraceptives are less effective, sildenafil results in increased adverse reactions of sildenafil,

Question 31

Amantidine

Answer 31

Prevention of respiratory tract illness caused by influenza A, similar side effects to cholinergic blocking drugs)

Question 32

Ribavirin

Answer 32

Can worsen respiratory status, pregnancy category X, women of childbearing age should make sure to not inhale the drug

Question 33

Protease inhibitors can cause

Answer 33

Redistribution of fat to the center of the body

Question 34

Ribavirin contraindications

Answer 34

unstable cardiac disease, pregnancy (cat X)

Question 35

Zanamivir contraindication

Answer 35

zanamivir shouldn’t be used in patients with COPD,

Question 36

Antivirals pregnancy cat

Answer 36

Most are B or C

Question 37

Zanamivir precautions

Answer 37

people with renal impairment, and history of respiratory disease

Question 38

Foscarnet precautions

Answer 38

electrolyte depletion

Question 39

Adefovfir precautions

Answer 39

patients treated for HBV May experience an exacerbation of hepatitis after stopping drug

Question 40

Dipivoxil precautions

Answer 40

patients treated for HBV May experience an exacerbation of hepatitis after stopping dipivoxil

Question 41

entecavir precautions

Answer 41

patients treated for HBV May experience an exacerbation of hepatitis after stopping entecavir

Question 42

Valacyclovir interactions

Answer 42

cimetidine results in increased serum level of valacyclovir,

Question 43

Adefovir interactions

Answer 43

ibuprofen results in increased serum levels of adefovir,

Question 44

Ganciclovir interactions

Answer 44

imipenem-cilastatin results in increased seizure risk when taken with ganciclovir,

Question 45

Antivirals general interactions

Answer 45

anticholinergic agents result in increased adverse reactions of the anticholinergic,

Question 46

Acyclovir interactions

Answer 46

and theophylline results in increased serum levels of theophylline when taken with acyclovir

Question 47

Ritonavir interactions

Answer 47

opioid analgesics haves risk of toxicity when taken with ritonavir, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, and antiparasitics have decreased effectiveness with ritonavir

Question 48

Efavirenz interactions

Answer 48

and rifampin decreases serum levels of antivirals with efavirenz

Question 49

nevirapine interactions

Answer 49

and rifampin decreases serum levels of antivirals with nevirapine