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Pharmacology HOSA > Pituitary And Adrenocortical Hormones > Flashcards

Pituitary And Adrenocortical Hormones Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Adrenal insufficiency

A

Diminished adrenal gland production resulting in a deficiency in corticosteroids

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2
Q

Anovulatory

A

A menstrual cycle in which ovulation doesn’t occur

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3
Q

Cryptorchism

A

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum

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4
Q

Cushingoid

A

Group of symptoms (including moon face, Buffalo hump), because of the disease caused by the overproduction of endogenous glucocorticoids

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5
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Disease caused by failure of the pituitary gland to secrete vasopressin or by surgical removal of the pituitary

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6
Q

Feedback mechanism

A

Method used by glands to signal need for or cessation of hormonal production

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7
Q

Gonads

A

Glands responsible for sexual activity and characteristics

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8
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excess growth of facial and body hair in women

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9
Q

Hyperstimulation syndrome

A

Sudden ovarian enlargement caused by overstimulation

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10
Q

Vasopressin MOA

A

Regulate the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. Exhibits its greatest activity on the renal tubular epithelium, also has some vasopressor activity

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11
Q

Vasopressin use

A

Treating diabetes insipidus, preventing and treating abdominal distention and for dispelling gas interfering with abdominal roentgenography

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12
Q

Diabetes insipidus signs

A

Marked increase in urination, excessive thirst

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13
Q

Vasopressin side effects

A

Tremor, sweating, vertigo, nasal congestion, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, water intoxication (overdose and toxicity)

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14
Q

Vasopressin precautions

A

History of seizures, migraine headaches, asthma, heart failure, vascular disease, and perioperative polyuria, pregnancy (cat C)

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15
Q

Desmopressin acetate precautions

A

Pregnancy (cat B), lactation, typically used when diabetes insipidus occurs during pregnancy

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16
Q

Vasopressin interactions

A

Decreased effect of vasopressin with norepinephrine, lithium, oral anticoagulants, and increased vasopressin effect with carbamazepine, and chlorpropamide

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17
Q

Symptoms of water intoxicating

A

Drowsiness, listlessness, confusion, headache (which can precede convulsions and coma)

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18
Q

Hormones of the anterior pituitary

A

Thyroid timulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin

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19
Q

ACTH MOA

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete the corticosteroids in response to biologic stress

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20
Q

FSH and LH MOA

A

Called gonadotropins, influence the gonads

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21
Q

GH MOA

A

Aka somatropin, and contributes to the growth of the body during childhood, especially the growth of muscles and bones

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22
Q

Prolactin MOA

A

Stimulates the production of breast milk (not used medically)

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23
Q

Gonadotropine MOA

A

Extracted form the urine of postmenopausal women, or produced by a recombinant form of DNA

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24
Q

Gonadotropins use

A

Índice ovulation and pregnancy in anovulatory women

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25
Menopur use
Stimulate multiple follicles for IVF
26
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) use
Used in boys to treat cryptorchism, and in men to treat hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
27
Follitism AQ use
Induce sperm production
28
Clomiphene use
Cause the anterior pituitary hormone to increase secretion of FSH and LH, used to índice ovulation in anovulatory women
29
Ganirelix use
Cause pituitary to increase secretion of FSH and LH, and are used to induce ovulation of anovulatory women
30
Gonadotropins side effects
Vasomotor flushes, breast tenderness, abdominal discomfort, ovarian enlargement, hemoperitoneum, nausea, vomiting, headache, irritability, restlessness, fatigue, irritation at injection site
31
Gonadotropins contraindications
Pregnancy, (cat X), high gonadotropin levels, thyroid dysfunction, adrenal dysfunction, liver disease, abnormal bleeding, ovarian cysts, sex hormone dependent tumors, or people with an organic intracranial lesion
32
Gonadotropins precautions
Epilepsy, migraines, asthma, cardiac or renal dysfunction, and lactation
33
Signs of excessive ovarian enlargement
Abdominal distention, pain, ascites
34
Gonadotropins: discontinue if
Visual disturbances, or signs of excessive ovarian enlargement
35
GH use
Given to children who haven’t grown because if a growth hormone deficiency, and must be used before the closure of the child's bone epiphyses, and are also used in adults to supplement to lack of endogenous hormone
36
GH is ineffective in..
people with closed epiphyses,
37
Serostim use
Patients with HIV to stop severe muscle wasting
38
GH side effects
Few, but antibodies may develop, resulting in failure to experience a response to therapy. Some may experiment hypothyroidism or insulin resistance or swelling, joint pain, and muscle pain
39
GH contraindications
Allergy to benzoyl alcoho,, and those with epiphyseal closure or underlying cranial lesion
40
GH precautions
Thyroid disease, or diabetes, and pregnancy (cat C) and lactation
41
GH interactions
Excessive glucocorticoids can decrease response to GH
42
Corticosteroids include
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
43
Glucocorticoids MOA
Enter target cells and bind to receptors, initiating many complex reactions (anti inflammatory, regulation of blood pressure, metabolism of carbs and protein, metabolism of fat, interference with the immune response, protection during stress, and CNS responses)
44
Glucocorticoids ex
Hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone
45
Glucocorticoids use
Adrenocortical insufficiency, allergic reactions, collagen diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus), dermatologic conditions, rheumatic disorders, shock, endocrine disorders, ophthalmic disease, respiratory diseases, hematologic disorders, neoplastic diseases, edematous diseases, GI diseases, and nervous system disorders
46
Glucocorticoids side effects
Many of the signs and symptoms seen with Cushing syndrome, which include, buffalo hump, moon face, oily skin, acne, osteoporosis, purple striae on the abdomen and hips, skin pigmentation and weight gain, also include fluid and electrolyte disturbances, musculoskeletal disturbances, cardiovascular disturbances, GI disturbances, neurological disturbances, and endocrine disturbances, ophthalmic disturbances, metabolic disorders
47
Glucocorticoids contraindications
Serious infections, (TB, and fungal and antibiotic resistant infections), live virus vaccines will increase any side effects to the vaccine
48
Glucocorticoids precautions
Renal or hepatic disease, hypothyroidism, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, convulsive disorders, and diabetes, and pregnancy (cat C) and lactation
49
Hydorcortisone interactions
Cholestyramine will decrease hydrocortisone effects
50
Corticosteroids interactions
Oral contraceptives, estrogens, and ketoconazole increase effects of corticosteroids, and hydantoins and rifampin decrease effects of corticosteroids, anticholinesterwse effects may be antagonized in myasthenia gravis, anticoagulant doses may have to be reduced, and action will be decreased, increased risk of digoxin toxicity associated with hypokalemia, decreased isoniazid serum levels, hypokalemia with potassium sparing diuretics, reduced effectiveness and reduces serum levels of salicylates, and alterations in the activity of theophylline
51
Mineralocorticoids use
Controlling salt and water balance,
52
Mineralocorticoids ex
fludrocortisone (Drug)
53
Fludrocortisone use
Replacement therapy for primary and adrenocortical deficiency
54
Fludrocortisone side effects
Edema, hypertension, HF, hear enlargement, increased sweating, allergic skin rash, hypokalemia, muscular weakness, headache, allergic reactions. Reactions can occur of dose is too high, too prolonged, or if withdrawal is too fast
55
Fludrocortisone contraindications
Systemic fungal infections
56
Fludrocortisone precautions
Addison disease, during pregnancy (cat C), lactation
57
Fludrocortisone interactions
Decreased effects of hydantoins and rifampin, decrease in serum levels of salicylates
58
Corticosteroids elderly considerations
Administered with caution, because they se more likely to have ore existing conditions (HF, hypertension, osteoporosis, arthritis) that can be worsened by drugs
59
Glucocorticoids discontinuation considerations
Always taper off, (over 7-10 days)
60
Posterior pituitary hormones ex
Desmopressin, vasopressin
61
Gonadotropins: ovarian stimulants ex
Choriogonadotropin, gonadotropin
62
Gonadotropin releasing hormones/synthetics ex
Nafarelin
63
Gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists
Cetrorelix, ganirelix
64
Nonsteroidal ovarian stimulant ex
Clomiphene
65
Growth hormone and hormone inhibitors ex
Somatropin, octreotide
66
Adrenocorticotropic hormone ex
Adrenocorticotropic hormone, cosyntropin
67
Glucocorticoids ex
Betamethasone, budesonide, cortisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone, triamcinolone
68
Misc hormones and hormone inhibitors ex
Bromocriptine and cabergoline

Pharmacology HOSA (37 decks)

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