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Flashcards in antihypertensive Deck (36)
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1
Q

Blood Pressures

A

Normal:
120/80

Prehypertension:
120-139/80-89

stage 1:
140-159/90-99

stage 2:
over 160/over 100

2
Q

hypertension (HTN):

A
  • Sympathetic over activity

* Overactive renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

3
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A

-prils

Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril

4
Q

Angiotensin Antagonists (AT1 blockers)

A

-sartans

Losartan

5
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

-dipines

Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine

6
Q

Beta- Adrenergic blockers

A

-olols

Propranolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, acebutolol, esmolol

7
Q

alpha1 adrenergic blockers

A

-zosins

Prazosin, doxazosin

8
Q

Dopamine D1 agonist

A

Fenoldopam

9
Q

Renin Inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

10
Q

ACE inhibitors Mechanism

A

inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II

find an increase in: angiotensin 1, angiotensinogen, and renin

leading to a fall in BP

11
Q

Contraindications of ACE Inhibitors

A
  • Pregnancy

* Renal artery stenosis

12
Q

ACE Inhibitors adverse drug effects

A

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
***Dry cough

13
Q

Angiotensin receptor antagonists

A

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
NO DRY COUGH

14
Q

Do not combine ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin receptor blockers with K+ sparing diuretics

A

cardiac arrhythmias may occur because of hyperkalemia

15
Q

L-type blockers

A

Nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil

16
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

Dihydropyridines (ex. nifedipine)

17
Q

Verapamil

A

cardiac cells

angina and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

veraPAMil: Pacemaker Activity Minimized

18
Q

Diltiazem

A

cardiac and smooth muscle cells

hypertension

DIltiazem: di = both

19
Q

nifedipine

A

vascular smooth muscle cells

angina, hypertension

nifeDIPine: Decrease In Pressure

20
Q

Amlodipine

A

very long half-life

21
Q

Diuretics ↓C. O.

A

maintained by compensatory mechanism

in chronic use: decrease t.p.r.

22
Q

Carvedilol

A

mainly used in heart failure

23
Q

Labetalol

A

used in gestational HTN

24
Q

Pregnancy induced hypertension

A
drugs used are: 
Nifedipine, 
Labetalol, 
Methyldopa, 
Hydralazine 

( N Lowers Maternal Hypertension)

25
Q

Clonidine

A

** useful in the treatment of hypertension complicated by renal disease

26
Q

Methyldopa

A

used for management of hypertension in pregnancy

27
Q

Hydralazine

A

** dilates arteries & arterioles

ADR: lupus-like syndrome

28
Q

Minoxidil

A

causes hyperpolarization by opening K+ channels

arteriolar dilator

29
Q

PD

A

** Dilates both arterioles and venules

can be converted to cyanide or thiocyanide

30
Q

given to ↓ toxicity

A

Sodium nitrite + sodium thiosulfate

or

hydroxocobalamin

31
Q

Fenoldopam

A

selective D1 receptor agonist

used in hypertensive emergencies

32
Q

Aliskiren

A

directly inhibits renin

33
Q

First line drugs

A

ACE inhibitors/AT1 antagonists, Diuretics, CCBs

** Start with a single drug

34
Q

Goals of BP reduction

A

<140/90 mmHg

In elderly patients:
<150/90

35
Q

Hypertensive emergency (formerly called malignant hypertension)

A

systolic >180 mm Hg and/or diastolic > 120 mm Hg

WITH evidence of impending or progressive target organ damage

36
Q

Drugs used in Hypertensive emergency

A

** sodium nitroprusside

nitroglycerin