Intro to ANS & Cholinergic Drugs

Question 1

NE effects what receptors

Answer 1

A1, A2, B1, B2, B3

Question 2

Ach effects what receptors

Answer 2

M1, M2, M3

Question 3

NN

Answer 3

autonomic ganglia

Question 4

NM

Answer 4

neuromuscular junction

Question 5

M1

Answer 5

Neuronal

Question 6

M2

Answer 6

cardiac

Question 7

M3

Answer 7

all smooth muscles

Question 8

what has ONLY PARASYMPATHETIC innervations

Answer 8

ciliary muscle and gastric glands

Question 9

what has ONLY SYMPATHETIC innervations

Answer 9

blood vessels and spleen

Question 10

inhibits the breakdown acetylcholine

what does it cause

Answer 10

acetylcholine esterase inhibitors

increase in Ach

Question 11

Botulinum toxin

Answer 11

inhibits VAMPs and SNAPs

Question 12

Hemicholiniums

Answer 12

inhibits CHT

Question 13

Vesamicol

Answer 13

inhibits VAT

Question 14

Cholinergic esters

Answer 14

Acetylcholine, methacholine

Question 15

reversible Anticholinesterases

Answer 15

Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium (shortest acting)

Question 16

actions of Ach on heart

Answer 16

negative chrono/dromo/iontropic

Question 17

actions of Ach on blood vessels

Answer 17

vasoconstriction

Question 18

actions of Ach on smooth muscles

Answer 18

GIT: increase peristalsis

Bronchus: constriction

Glands: secretion

Bladder: detrusor contraction, trigone and sphincter relaxation

Question 19

actions of Ach on eye

Answer 19

contraction of circular muscles -> miosis

Question 20

Pilocarpine

Answer 20

prominent muscarinic action

penetrates cornea: miosis, ciliary muscle contraction, decrease IOP

Question 21

Mushroom poisoning

Answer 21

treated with atropine

Question 22

irreversible anticholinesterases

Answer 22

organophosphates, Parathion

used as insecticides or pesticides

Question 23

lipid soluble agents

Answer 23

produce CNS effects

Question 24

lipid insoluble agents

Answer 24

No CNS effects

Question 25

lipid insoluble agents effects on ganglia

Answer 25

higher dose causes blockade of transmission

Question 26

lipid insoluble agents effects on CVS

Answer 26

bradycardia | hypotension

Question 27

lipid insoluble agents uses

Answer 27

Glaucoma (physostigmine) Myasthenia Gravis (pyridostigmine, neostigmine) Paralytic ileus (bethanecol) decurarization (neostigmine) Belladonna/atropine poisoning (physostigmine) Alzeheimers (tacrine, rivastigmine, donepezil)

Question 28

organophosphates muscarinic effects

Answer 28

``` Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Emesis Lacrimation Sweating Salivation ```

Question 29

organophosphates poisioning

Answer 29

Atropine Pralidoxime

Question 30

signs of adequate atropinization

Answer 30

moderately dilated pupils

Question 31

Pralidoxime

Answer 31

reactivates acetylcholinesterase contraindicated in carbamate poisoning

Question 32

decreases aqueous humor formation

Answer 32

Timolol Dipivefrine Apraclondine Dorzolamide/Brinzolamide (topical)

Question 33

increases aqueous humor drainage

Answer 33

Pilocarpine | Latanoprost

Question 34

Myasthenia Gravis treatment

Answer 34

Neostigmine (+atropine for muscarinic side effects)

Question 35

Myasthenia Gravis test

Answer 35

Edrophonium test

Question 36

Nicotinic toxicity

Answer 36

Varenicline