ANTIMICROBIALS Flashcards
WHAT IS AN ANTIBIOTIC?
A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE THAT IS PRODUCED BY MICROORGANISMS AND HAS THE CAPACITY IN DILUTE SOLUTION TO SELECTIVELY INHIBIT THE GROWTH OR KILL OTHER MICROORGANISMS
ANTIMICROBIAL
ANY SUBSTANCE NATURAL, SEMISYNTHETIC, OR SYNTHETIC ORIGIN THAT KILLS OR INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS BUT CAUE LITTLE OR NO DAMAGE TO THE HOST
THERAPEUTIC USE
WHEN DISEASED ANIMALS ARE TREATED TO CURE INFECTION
PROPHYACTIC USE
WHEN HEALTHY HERDS OR ANIMALS ARE TREATED TO PREVENT INFECTION
METAPHYLACTIC USE
WHEN DISEASED HERDS ARE TREATED TO CURE INVENTION IN SOME INDIVIDUALS AND PREVENT INFECTION IN OTHERS
GROWTH PROMOTION USE
WHEN HEALTHY ANIMALS ARE TREATED WITH LOW DOSE SUBTHERAPEUTIC CONCENTRATIONS IN FEED TO IMPROVE GROWTH RATE AND EFFICIENCY OF FEED UTILIZATION AD IMPROVE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE
BETA LACTAM SUB CATEGORIES
PENICILLINS
CEPHALOSPORINS
CARBAPANEMS
NATURAL
SEMISYNTHETIC
SYNTHETIC
HIGH TOXICITY LOW EFFECTIVENESS
MID TOXICITY MID EFFECTIVENESS
LOW TOXICITY HIGH EFFECTIVENESS
BACTERIOSTATIC DRUGS
INHIBIT GROWTH
BACTERIOCIDAL DRUGS
KILL
ANTIMICROBIALS ACTIONS
INHIBITION OF: CELL WALL SYNTHESIS -PENICILLIN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS- TETRACYCLINE DNA SYNTHESIS— FLUORIQUINONES CELL MEMBRANE INTEGRITY- COLISTIN FOLIC ACID METABOLISM- SULPHONAMIDES
HOW DO BACTERIA ACQUIRE RESISTANCE
MUTATION
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER PROCESSES
TRANSFORMATION UPTAKE FREE DNA
TRANSDUCTION TRANSFER MEDIATED BY PHAGE
CONJUGATION CELL TO CELL CONTACT
CORESISTANCE
CO EXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE GENES OR MUTATIONS ENCODING RESISTANCE TO DIFFERENT DRUGS WITHIN THE SAME STRAIN
CO SELECTION
SELECTION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANT GENES WHEN ONE GENE IS SELECTED
