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Psychology AP Exam > AP concept map- Biological Bases of Behavior > Flashcards

AP concept map- Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Nature V. Nurture

A

Nature- The traits you were born with —> genetics
Nurture- The things you learn of experience as your grow up —-> environment

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2
Q

What’s Action potential?

A

Electrical signals that travels down a neuron –> sends messages to nervous system

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3
Q

All-or-Nothing

A

either sends a full message, or nothing at all

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4
Q

What is Depolarization

A

When a neuron gets a signal– the inside of the cell becomes less negative

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5
Q

What is Refractory period

A

After sending a message- the neuron needs a break before sending another one

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6
Q

What is Resting Potential?

A

When it’s not sending a message, it’s a rest. Inside of neuron its more negative than the outside

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7
Q

What is a threshold?

A

Level that the signal must reach for the neuron to send a signal

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8
Q

What is Acetylcholine? What happens where there is too much or too little?

A

-Helps the muscles move and supports the memory

To little- Can cause memory problems
To much- Can cause muscle cramps

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9
Q

What’s Dopamine? What happens when there is too much or too little?

A
  • Controls movement, emotion and pleasure

To little- can lead to parkinson’s disease
To Much-linked to schizophrenia

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10
Q

What is Serotonin? What happens where there is too much or too little?

A

-Affects mood and sleep

To little- can lead to depression
To much- can cause restlessness

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11
Q

What is Norepinephrine? What happens when there is too much or too little?

A
  • Helps control alertness and response to stress

To little-can lead to low energy and depression
To much- can cause anxiety or high blood pressure

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12
Q

What’s GABA? What happens when there is too much or too little?

A

-Slows down brain activity to help calm you

to little-can lead to anxiety or seizures
to much- can make you very tired

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13
Q

What is Glutamate? what happens when there is too much or too little?

A

-Speeds up brain activity helps with learning and memory

To little- can cause tiredness or trouble concentrating
To much- can damage brain cells

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14
Q

What are endorphins?

A

Block pain and makes you feel good (happy)

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15
Q

What is Substance P?

A

Sends pain messages in the body.

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16
Q

What is Adrenaline?

A

A chemical your body makes when your scared, excited or in danger

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17
Q

What is Melatonin?

A

A natural chemical that makes you sleep

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18
Q

What oxytocin?

A

Love, bonding and child birth

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19
Q

How do depressants impact behavior and the body?

A

They calm you down, they also affect your nervous system slowing heart rate, breathing, and brain activity

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20
Q

How do Hallucinogens impact behavior and the body?

A

It changes the way you see, hear and feel things– makes you experience things that ARE NOT there

(Like these flashcards, wake up, these aren’t real)

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21
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

A person suddenly falls asleep at random times even if they don’t want to

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22
Q

What is is Sleep Apnea?

A

A person stops breathing for short periods of times while sleeping

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23
Q

What is insomnia?

A

When a person has trouble falling asleep, staying asleep or getting any good quality of sleep

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24
Q

What is Somnambulism?

A

When a person walks or preforms other activities while fully asleep

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25
What is REM Sleep Behavior Disorder?
when a person acts out their dreams during the REM stage of sleep
26
List the theories of dreaming
1. Psychoanalytic 2.Activation-synthesis 3.Information-processing 4.Cognitive Development 5.Threat simulation
27
List the theories of sleeping
1. Restoration 2.Energy conservation 3. Brain Plasticity 4. Evolutionary 5.Memory consolidation
28
What's Sensory Adaptation?
Sensory receptors that stop responding to a constant stimulus
29
What is Habituation?
The brain stops paying attention
30
What's the difference between Dichromatic and Monochromatic
Dichromatic- people see some color Monochromatic- some people see no color
31
What is opponent-process?
Color vision is controlled by opposing pairs; Red-green, Blue-Yellow, and black-white
32
What is the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory?
The retina has three types of color receptors (cones) each sensitives to one of three colors: Red,Green or blue
33
What is monocular cues?
Depth cues that only need one eye to work. Help judge and depth based on how far things are from a single viewpoint -linear perspective -relative size
34
What is binocular cues?
DEpth cues that depends on both eyes working together. Rely on slight differences between the two eye views
35
What is place theory?
We hear different pitches because different parts of the cochlea vibrate.
36
What is Frequency theory?
pitch depends on how fast the whole cochlea vibrates
37
What is volley theory?
Group of neurons take turns firing quicking enough to match higher sound frequency all explaining how we sense different pitches
38
What is Olfaction?
Our sense of smell- it's how your nose detects and recognizes different scents in the air
39
What are pheromones?
Chemicals that animals release to send signals - attracting mates or marking territory.
40
What is Gate-Control theory?How does it relate to the experience of pain?
Body has a "Gate" that controls how much pain you feel- it can open to let pain in or close to block it.
41
List what are the different tastes we can detect?
-Sweet -sour -salty -bitter -Umami (savory (meaty taste)
42
How are semicircular canals related to your vestibular system
They are tiny tubes in your ear that helps you keep your balance by sensing how your head moves.
43
What is sensory interaction?
our sense work together and can affect each other
44
What is transduction?
Your body turns things like light, sound or smells into signals your brain can understand
45
Where does transduction occur in sight?
In the back of your eye (retina)
46
Where does transduction occur in hearing?
In your inner eye (Cochlea)
47
Where does transduction occur in touch?
In your skin (nerve endings)
48
Where does transduction occur in your taste?
on your tongue (taste buds)
49
Where does transduction occur in smell?
in your nose (smell receptors)
50
What is the Frontal Lobe responsible for?
voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions
51
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception, color determination, object and face recognition, and memory formation.
52
what is the temporal lobe responsible for?
processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory.
53
What is the Parietal lobe responsible for?
sensory perception and integration, including the management of taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell
54
What is the cerebrum responsible for?
conscious thought, movement initiation, and sensory processing
55
What is the corpus callosum responsible for?
integrate and transfer information from both cerebral hemispheres to process sensory, motor, and high-level cognitive signals
56
What is the Thalamus responsible for?
your body's information relay station
57
What is hypothalamus responsible for
helps manage your body temperature, hunger and thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure and sleep.
58
What is the Pituitary gland responsible for?
Growth and sexual/reproductive development and function. Glands (thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads) Organs (kidneys, uterus, and breasts)
59
What is the medulla oblongata responsible for?
helps control vital processes like your heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure.
60
What is the brain stem responsible for?
breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep
61
What is the amygdala responsible for?
A major processing center for emotions
62
What is the hippocampus responsible for?
Long term memory and emotion
63
What is Genetic predisposition?
The likelihood of developing traits or disorders based on your genes
64
What are Neurons?
Nerve cells that send messages in the brain and the body
65
What is multiple sclerosis?
A disease where nerve coverings are damaged, slowing signals
66
What are Neural transmissions?
How Neurons send signals to each other
67
What is excitatory?
Signals that make a neuron more likely to fire
68
What is Inhibitory?
Signals that make a neuron less likely to fire
69
What is Alzheimer's disease?
A brain disorder that affects memory
70
What is Myasthenia gravis?
A disorder that causes muscle weakness
71
What is interneurons?
Neurons that connect other neurons inside the brain and spinal cord
72
What are motor neurons?
Carry signals from the brain to the muscles
73
What is the central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord
74
What is peripheral nervous system?
All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
75
What are reflex arcs?
Automatic responses that don't go through the brain
76
What is a somatic nervous system?
Controls voluntary movements
77
What is the automatic nervous system?
Controls involuntary actions (like heartbeat)
78
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Gets you ready for action (fight or flight)
79
What is parasympathetic nervous system?
Calms you down (rest and digest)
80
What is the endocrine system?
a system of glands that release hormones
81
What are hormones?
Chemicals that control body process
82
What is Leptin?
Helps control hunger
83
What is Ghrelin?
Makes you feel hungry
84
What is Lesioning?
Damaging brain tissue to study what it does
85
What is Electroencephalogram (EEG)
records brain waves
86
What is a functional MRI (fMRI)
shows brain activity in real time
87
What is the medulla?
Controls heartbeat and breathing
88
What is the cerebellum?
Controls balance and coordination
89
What is reticular formation?
Helps control alertness and attention
90
What is the cerebral cortex?
Outer layer of the brain, involved in thinking and decision- making
91
What is the limbic system?
Group of brain areas that control emotions and memory
92
What is a contralateral hemispheric organization?
left brain controls right side of the body and vice versa
93
What is Hemispheric specialization
Each brain side does different tasks
94
What are Split -brain patients?
People with cut corpus callosum; their brain sides cant communicate
95
What are lobes?
Major parts of the cerebral cortex; -Frontal (thinking, and planning) -parietal (touch and spatial awareness) -temporal (hearing and understanding) -occipital (vision)
96
What is the association area?
Brain regions involved in thinking and learning?
97
What is the motor cortex?
Controls movement
98
What is somatosensory cortex?
processes touch and body position
99
what is the prefrontal cortex?
involved in judgement and personality
100
What is the Broca's area?
Helps you speak
101
What is Wernicke's area?
Helps you understand language
102
What is Aphasia?
Language problems due to brain damage
103
What is Phantom limb syndrome?
feeling sensations in missing limb
104
What is Linguistic processing?
Understanding and producing language

Psychology AP Exam (14 decks)

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