AP concept map- Cognition Flashcards
(80 cards)
What is bottom up processing?
your senses bring in information first, and your brain figures it out
What is top down processing?
Your brain uses what it already knows to understand what your seeing
What are schemas?
mental folders in your brain that helps you quickly understand and organize information based on what you already know
What is a perceptual set?
You brain expects to see of experiance something a certin way, so it affects how you actually see or understand it
if your told a picture is of a dog, your more likely to see a dog
What is retinal disparity?
Each eyes sees a slightly different image– brain uses difference to judge difference
What is convergence?
eyes turn inward more for closer objects
What is atmospheric perspective (monocular cues)
objects that are farther away appear hazier and lighter due to color
What is relative size (monocular cues)
How we assume objects farther away are the same size
(A softball in the outfield is the same size as the one in the dugout)
What is Texture Gradient? (monocular cues)
Appears denser and smaller as it goes into the distance
What is linear perspective? (monocular cues)
Parallel lines appear to converge
as they recede into the distance
What is interposition? (Monocular cues)
one shape partially covering another makes us perceive it as closer
What is selective attention?
Focus on one thing and ignore everything else around you
What is the cocktail party effect?
even in a nosy place you can still gear your name or something important to you
inattentional blindness?
you miss something obvious because you’re focused on something else
What is change blindness?
you don’t notice when something big changes in your environment
What is a concept?
a mental group for similar things like category in your mind
What’s a prototype?
Your best example of a concept- the first thing you picture
ex: when you hear a bird you think of a robin and not a penguin
What is a mental set?
You keep using the same old solution even if it doesn’t work
What is Priming?
Something you saw or heard before makes you think of related things without realizing it
What if framing?
You decide differently if you hear “80% chance to win” Vs. “20% chance you lose” even though its the same.
What is Gamblers Fallacy?
You think a random event it “due” like believing tails must come after many heads
Sunk cost Fallacy
You stick with a bad choice because you already put time or money into it
How does long-term potentiation influences our memory?
When brain cells connect better because you use them alot.
When connections get stronger it helps you remember things more easily—-> the more your brain practices something, the better it remembers it
What is Spearman’s General intelligence?
One main kind of smartness affects how good you are at all thinking tasks —->if your good at one kind of thinking (puzzles) then your probably good at other stuff (math)
