AP concept map- Development and Learning Flashcards
(29 cards)
Explain Nature Vs. Nurture
explores whether a person’s development is primarily influenced by genetics (nature) or by their environment and upbringing (nurture)
Explain Continuity Vs. Stages
Continuity in development suggests a gradual, ongoing process where skills and abilities build upon each other. Stages, on the other hand, describe development as occurring in distinct, qualitative phases or periods with unique characteristics
Explain Stability Vs change
stability refers to the degree to which individual traits or characteristics remain consistent over time, while stages describe development as occurring in distinct, qualitative periods.
What is maturation?
the biological processes involved in an organism’s development, leading to its full or functional state
What is a teratogen?
A harmful substance that a baby can be exposed to before birth
Ex:
Alcohol
Drugs
Smoking
Explain Vygotsky’s theory of proximal development
Kids learn through social interaction and support from others
Explain Piaget’s theory of proximal development
kids learn through independent discovery and mature with age
Describe Harlow’ studies related to attachment theory
-worked with monkeys
-he gave them 2 fake mothers (one made of wire another made of silk)
-baby monkeys preferred the soft cloth mother
key: babies need more than just food-they need, love,comfort and security
Describe Ainsworth’s study related to attachment theory
3 types
-secure; baby gets upset when mom leaves but calms when mom comes back
-insecure; baby doesn’t care much when mom leaves or comes back
-insecure-resistant; baby is very upset when mom leaves and comes back (hard to claim down)
What is a critical period?
A special time in a person’s or animal’s life when they must learn or experience something if they don’t, they might never learn it properly
What are phonemes?
any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another, for example p, b, d, and t in the English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.
what are morphemes?
the smallest unit of language that carries meaning
What are the five stages of language development?
1.Babbling (4-6 months)
2. one word stage (12 months)
3.two-word stage (18-24)
4. Telegraphic speech (2-3 years)
5.Full sentences (4-5 years)
What’s Broca’s area?
helps you speak clearly and form sentences
What’s Wernicke’s area?
helps you understand language
What’s Trust Vs. Mistrust
focuses on the development of trust in an infant’s primary caregiver.
What’s autonomy vs. shame and doubt
occurring between ages 1 and 3, where children learn to assert their independence and make choices
What’s Initiative vs. Guilt
the third stage, occurring during the preschool years (ages 3-5)
What’s industry vs. Inferiority?
cuses on a child’s ability to feel competent and productive in their endeavors, leading to a sense of pride in their accomplishments, or developing feelings of inadequacy and inferiority if they are not successful. (6-12 years)
What is identity vs role confusion?
individuals grapple with the question of “Who am I?” as they explore their values, beliefs, and potential future roles. (12-18 years)
What is Intimacy Vs Isolation?
where individuals in young adulthood grapple with forming meaningful, intimate relationships or experiencing feelings of isolation and loneliness
What is Generativity Vs Stagnation?
It focuses on an individual’s ability to contribute to society and the next generation through acts like parenting, mentoring, or community involvement.
What is ego integrity vs despair?
It involves reflecting on one’s life and either finding satisfaction and meaning (integrity) or experiencing regret and bitterness (despair).
What is a microsystem?
your immediate environment
Ex:Family, school
