Learning

Question 1

What is puberty?

Answer 1

physical changes to the body that make a person able to reproduce

Question 2

what is menopause?

Answer 2

when a woman stops having menstrual periods and can no longer get pregnant naturally

Question 3

what is classic conditioning?

Answer 3

learning by associating one thing with another

Question 4

What is associative learning?

Answer 4

learning that two events go together (thunder follows lighting)

Question 5

what is unconditional stimulus?

Answer 5

something that naturally triggers a response

Question 6

What is a unconditioned response?

Answer 6

a natural reaction to a stimulus

Question 7

What is conditioned response?

Answer 7

a learned reaction to a stimulus

Question 8

What is conditioned stimulus?

Answer 8

something that starts to trigger a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 9

What is an acquisition?

Answer 9

The initial stage of learning when a response us first established

Question 10

What is trace conditioning?

Answer 10

learning happens when the conditioned stimulus is presented and then removed before the unconditioned stimulus are presented at the same

Question 11

What is simultaneous conditioning?

Answer 11

The conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are presented at the same time

Question 12

What is backward conditioning?

Answer 12

The unconditioned stimulus is presented before the conditioned stimulus

Question 13

What is extinction?

Answer 13

when a learned response gradually disappears

Question 14

What is a spontaneous recovery?

Answer 14

the sudden reappearance of a learned response after it had been gone a while

Question 15

What is generalization?

Answer 15

Responding the same way to similar stimuli

Question 16

What is discrimination?

Answer 16

learning to respond only to specific stimuli, not similar ones

Question 17

what is Higher-order conditioning?

Answer 17

pairing a new stimulus with a conditioned one to create another layer of learning

Question 18

What are taste aversions?

Answer 18

learning to avoid a food that made you sick

Question 19

What is one-trial learning?

Answer 19

learning that happens after just one experience

Question 20

what is biological preparedness?

Answer 20

we are naturally wired to learn certain things easily

Question 21

What is association?

Answer 21

Linking two events or concepts in the mind

Question 22

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 22

Learning based on rewards or punishments

Question 23

What is the law of effect?

Answer 23

behaviors followed by positive outcomes are more likely to happen again

Question 24

What is reinforcement?

Answer 24

strengthening a behavior by giving a reward

Question 25

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 25

adding something good to increase a behavior

Question 26

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 26

Removing something bad to increase a behavior

Question 27

What is punishment?

Answer 27

adding something bad or taking away something good to reduce a behavior

Question 28

What is shaping?

Answer 28

Gradually teaching a new behavior by rewarding closer steps to the goal

Question 29

What is Reinforcement schedule?

Answer 29

how often a behavior is rewarded

Question 30

What is a fixed-ratio schedule?

Answer 30

reward after a set number of responses

Question 31

What is a variable-ratio schedule?

Answer 31

reward after a changing number of responses

Question 32

what is fixed-interval schedule

Answer 32

reward after a set amount of time

Question 33

what is variable-interval schedule?

Answer 33

reward after a changing amount of time

Question 34

What is instinctive drift?

Answer 34

when learned behavior goes back to instinctual behavior

Question 35

What is modeling?

Answer 35

learning by watching others

Question 36

What is vicarious learning?

Answer 36

learning by seeing someone else being rewarded or punished

Question 37

What is social learning theory?

Answer 37

learning by observing others, especially in social context

Question 38

What is latent learning?

Answer 38

learning that is not visible until there is a reason to show it

Question 39

What is cognitive map?

Answer 39

a mental picture of the layout of the environment

Question 40

What is insight learning?

Answer 40

a sudden realization of how to solve a problem