APDN OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS 1.1 (AB)

Question 1

What embryonic layer do salivary glands originate from?

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

At what week of AOG do salivary glands begin to develop?

Answer 2

6th week

Question 3

What are the early salivary gland structures described as?

Answer 3

Solid. ridge-like ingrowths of oral epithelium

Question 4

Into what do early salivary gland structures grow?

Answer 4

Tubules

Question 5

What do the tubules of salivary glands eventually become?

Answer 5

The ductal system

Question 6

What are the three types of acini in salivary glands?

Answer 6

Serous. mucous. mixed

Question 7

What is the shape of acinar cells?

Answer 7

Pyramidal

Question 8

Where is the nucleus located in an acinar cell?

Answer 8

Basal

Question 9

Where are secretory granules located in acinar cells?

Answer 9

At the apex facing the acinar lumen

Question 10

What do acinar cells produce?

Answer 10

Primary saliva

Question 11

What enzymes are included in primary saliva?

Answer 11

Amylase. sialomucins

Question 12

What is the flow path of saliva from the acinus?

Answer 12

Intercalated duct to striated duct to excretory duct

Question 13

What is the function of the intercalated duct?

Answer 13

Secretes mucins and regulates electrolyte concentration

Question 14

What is the function of the striated duct?

Answer 14

Secretes fluid quickly and actively

Question 15

What is the function of the excretory duct?

Answer 15

Drains saliva out of the gland

Question 16

What is the function of myoepithelial cells?

Answer 16

Surrounds the acini

Question 17

What are the major salivary glands?

Answer 17

Parotid. submandibular. sublingual

Question 18

Where are minor salivary glands located?

Answer 18

Oral cavity. parapharyngeal space. paranasal sinus. nasal cavity. larynx. or lacrimal gland

Question 19

Where are most minor salivary glands located?

Answer 19

Palate

Question 20

How much saliva do minor salivary glands produce?

Answer 20

Minimal amount

Question 21

How much saliva is produced per day?

Answer 21

1.0-1.5 L

Question 22

What percentage of saliva is water?

Answer 22

0.995

Question 23

What regulates salivary flow?

Answer 23

Autonomic nervous system

Question 24

Which autonomic division is dominant in saliva regulation?

Answer 24

Parasympathetic

Question 25

What neurotransmitter is involved in parasympathetic stimulation?

Answer 25

Acetylcholine

Question 26

What neurotransmitter is involved in sympathetic stimulation?

Answer 26

Norepinephrine

Question 27

What is the effect of norepinephrine on saliva?

Answer 27

Exocytosis and protein metabolism

Question 28

Which gland contributes most to unstimulated saliva?

Answer 28

Submandibular gland

Question 29

What type of acini does the parotid gland have?

Answer 29

Serous

Question 30

What is the viscosity of parotid gland saliva?

Answer 30

Watery

Question 31

What type of acini does the submandibular gland have?

Answer 31

Mixed

Question 32

What is the viscosity of submandibular gland saliva?

Answer 32

Semiviscous

Question 33

What type of acini does the sublingual gland have?

Answer 33

Mucous

Question 34

What is the viscosity of sublingual gland saliva?

Answer 34

Viscous

Question 35

What is the major gland during stimulated salivary secretion?

Answer 35

Parotid gland

Question 36

What induces stimulated salivary secretion?

Answer 36

Gustatory and olfactory stimulation

Question 37

What are the contents of resting saliva?

Answer 37

Mucins. few enzymes

Question 38

What are the contents of stimulated saliva?

Answer 38

Enzymes. fewer mucins

Question 39

What is the consistency of resting saliva?

Answer 39

Relatively mucous

Question 40

What is the consistency of stimulated saliva?

Answer 40

More serous

Question 41

What enzyme in saliva initiates starch digestion?

Answer 41

Ptyalin

Question 42

What are antibacterial molecules in saliva?

Answer 42

Amylase. cystatins. histatins. mucins. peroxidases

Question 43

What are antiviral molecules in saliva?

Answer 43

Cystatins. mucins

Question 44

What are antifungal molecules in saliva?

Answer 44

Histatins

Question 45

What molecules have buffering properties in saliva?

Answer 45

Histatins. carbonic anhydrases

Question 46

What molecules aid in digestion in saliva?

Answer 46

Amylases. mucins

Question 47

What molecules aid in mineralization in saliva?

Answer 47

Cystatins. histatins. proline-rich proteins. statherins

Question 48

What molecules aid in lubrication in saliva?

Answer 48

Mucins. statherins

Question 49

What molecules coat tissues in saliva?

Answer 49

Amylase. cystatin. mucins. proline-rich proteins. statherins

Question 50

What structures border the parotid gland superiorly?

Answer 50

Zygomatic arch

Question 51

What muscle borders the parotid gland anteriorly?

Answer 51

Masseter muscle

Question 52

What is the deep border of the parotid gland?

Answer 52

Prestyloid compartment of parapharyngeal space

Question 53

What divides the parotid gland into two lobes?

Answer 53

Facial nerve and retromandibular vein

Question 54

What artery supplies the parotid gland?

Answer 54

External carotid artery

Question 55

What arteries does the external carotid give off to supply the parotid?

Answer 55

Superficial temporal artery. maxillary artery

Question 56

What vein is formed by maxillary and superficial temporal veins?

Answer 56

Retromandibular vein

Question 57

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

Answer 57

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 58

What provides sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

Answer 58

Superior cervical ganglion

Question 59

What provides sensory innervation to the parotid gland?

Answer 59

Greater auricular nerve

Question 60

Where does the greater auricular nerve arise from?

Answer 60

C2 and C3 cervical nerves

Question 61

What are the two parts of the facial nerve?

Answer 61

Motor part. nervus intermedius

Question 62

What muscles does the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 62

Muscles of facial expression

Question 63

What glands does the facial nerve parasympathetically innervate?

Answer 63

Lacrimal. submandibular. sublingual

Question 64

What part of the tongue receives sensory innervation from the facial nerve?

Answer 64

Anterior two-thirds

Question 65

What are the five terminal branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 65

Temporal. zygomatic. buccal. marginal mandibular. cervical

Question 66

What does the temporal branch innervate?

Answer 66

Occipitofrontalis. orbicularis oculi

Question 67

What does the zygomatic branch innervate?

Answer 67

Orbicularis. levator labii superioris. levator labii alaeque nasi. zygomaticus major. zygomaticus minor

Question 68

What does the buccal branch innervate?

Answer 68

Buccinator. orbicularis oris

Question 69

What does the marginal mandibular branch innervate?

Answer 69

Depressor anguli oris. depressor labii inferioris. mentalis

Question 70

What does the cervical branch innervate?

Answer 70

Platysma

Question 71

What are the landmarks for facial nerve identification during parotidectomy?

Answer 71

Tympano-mastoid suture line. posterior belly of digastric. tragal pointer. retrograde tracing of branches