Appendicular Skeleton Lower Flashcards
(35 cards)
Pelvic Girdle is seen as a tru girdle in which view?
anterior superior view, because it makes a full ring when the pelvis is attached to the sacrum
The full ring of the pelvic girdle is made up of how many bones?
7
The pelvis is made up of how many bones?
6
What does the pelvic girdle do?
- attaches the lower limbs to the body
- provides areas for muscle attachment
- provides support and balance to out trunk
What are the bones of the pelvis?
- 2 ilium (ilia)
- 2 ischium
(ishcia) - 2 pubis
How many bones are there in the lower limbs?
8
What are the names of the bones in the lower limbs?
- hip bone / os coxae
- femur
- patella
- tibia
- fibula
- tarsals
- metatarsal
- phalanges
What are the landmarks on the illium?
- iliac crest (anterior)
- anterior superior iliac spine
- sacroiliac joints (articulates the sacrum to the ilium) (anterior)
- body of ilium (lateral)
- anterior inferior iliac spine (lateral)
- Greater sciatic notch (lateral)
- posterior superior iliac spine (lateral)
posterior inferior iliac spine (lateral) - gluteal lines anterior, posterior, inferior (lateral)
- iliac tuberosity (medial)
- auricular surface (medial)
What are the landmarks on the ischium?
- ischial tuberosity (anterior)
- body of ischium (lateral)
- lschical spine (lateral)
- ischial tuberosity (lateral)
- lesser sciatic notch (lateral)
- ramus of ischium (lateral)
What are the landmarks on the pubis?
- pubis symphysis (anterior)
- pubic tubercle (attachment of the inguinal ligament)
- pubic crest (anterior)
- pubic tubercle (lateral)
- superior ramus of pubis (lateral)
- inferior ramus of pubis (lateral)
What are the general (all together) landmarks of the pelvis?
- acetabulum (socket for head of femur)
- obturator foramen (big hole in the anterior aspect of the pelvis)
In what view can we see the acetabulum the best?
lateral view
Summary of true/lesser pelvis
- superior opening is pelvic brim, called pelvic inlet
- inferior opening is called pelvic outlet
In an Anterosuperior view:
the false pelvis borders, surroundings and contents are what?
- lumbar vertebrae posteriorly
- upper parts of hip bone laterally
- abdominal wall anteriorly
surrounds: lower abdomen
contents: superior part bladder, lower intestines and then for females (uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes)
In an Anterosuperior view:
the true pelvis borders, surroundings and contents are what?
- sacrum
- coccyx posteriorly
- inferior portions of ilium and ischium laterally
- pubic bones anteriorly
surronds: pelvic cavity
contents: rectum, bladder and then for females (vagina, cervix) and then for males (prostate gland)
What are the general sex differences between the female and male pelvis?
females have:
- light and thin structure
- shallow false pelvis
- wide/oval pelvic brim
- small acetabulum which faces anteriorly
- oval shaped obturator foramen
- pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees
males have:
- heavy and thick structure
- deep false pelvis
- narrow and heart-shaped pelvic brim
- large acetabulum that faces laterally
- round shaped obturator foramen
- pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
What are the general sex differences between the female and male hip bone?
females have:
- less curved iliac crest
- less vertical ilium
- wide greater sciatic notch (about 90 degrees)
- short and wider sacrum
males have:
- more curved iliac crest
- more vertical
- narrow greater sciatic notch (about 70 degrees, inverted v)
- longer and narrower sacrum
What are the general sex differences between the female and male in the pelvic outlet and ischial tuberosity?
females:
- wider pelvic outlet
- shorter, farther apart ischial tuberosity (more medially)
males:
- narrower pelvic outlet
- longer, closer together ischial tuberosity (more laterally)
What is the thigh entail to?
hip - knee
what is the leg entail to?
knee - ankle
whats the difference between trochanter and tubercle?
- trochanters are large bony projections for muscle attachment
What are the bones in the femur?
- head
- neck
- greater trochanters (lateral side)
- lesser trochanter (medial side)
- intertrochanteric line (anterior)
- intertrochanteric crest (posterior)
- gluteal tuberosity (posterior side) (raised surface)
- body/ shaft
- linea aspera (posterior)
- lateral epicondyles
- medial epicondyles
- lateral condyles (see best from the back)
- medial condyles (see best from the back)
- patella surface
- intercondylar fosa
- adductor tubercle
What kind of bone is the patella?
sesamoid bone
What are the characteristics of the patella?
- apex (pointing down to connect to tibia)
- broad base
