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Anatomy > Module 4C: Appendicular upper > Flashcards

Module 4C: Appendicular upper Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 different scapular movements?

A
  1. Elevation and depression
  2. Protraction and retraction
    - adduction and abduction
  3. Upward and Downward rotation
    - upward counterclockwise
    - downwards clockwise
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2
Q

What is the point of reference for rotation?

A

Glenoid cavity, pointing up = upwards, pointing down = downwards

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3
Q

How many muscles are in the shoulder girdle?

A

5

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4
Q

What are the 5 muscles in the shoulder girdle?

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Levator Scapulae
  3. Rhomboid major and minor
  4. Serratus anterior
  5. Pectoralis minor
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5
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Trapezius?

A

O: nuchal ligament, spines of the thoracic vertebrae, occipital bone

I: clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

upward rotation of the scapula, depression (shoulder shrugs)

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6
Q

What is the Origin and insertion of the Levator Scapulae?

A

O: C1-C4 transverse processes

I: superior angle of the scapula

*elevates medial border of the scapula- shoulder shrug with trapezius: downward rotation of the scapula

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7
Q

What is the Origin and insertion of the Rhomboid major and minor?

A

O: spinous processes of C7-T5

I: medial border of scapula

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8
Q

What is the order of the second two trunk muscles from superior to inferior?

A

SUPERIOR: levator scapula- Rhomboid minor- Rhomboid major

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9
Q

What is the Origin and insertion of the Serratus anterior?

A

O: lateral surface of ribs 1-9

I: medial border of scapula, anterior surface

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10
Q

What is another name for the serratus anterior muscle?

A

boxers muscle

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11
Q

What is the Origin and insertion of the Pectoralis minor?

A

O: outer surface of ribs 2-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

Action:
- weak shoulder protraction

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12
Q

Where is the serratus anterior found?

A
  • just superficial to the ribs and intercostal muscles
  • muscle starts depp and moves superficially
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13
Q

What is scapular winging?

A

a rare condition where there is insufficient serratus anterior strength, endurance or function causing pain, discomfort and a wing-like shape sticking out of the back

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14
Q

How many muscles are in the shoulder joint?

A

5

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15
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the shoulder joint?

A
  1. Deltoid Spinal (posterior head)
  2. Deltoid Acromial (lateral head)
  3. Deltoid Clavicular (anterior head)
  4. Pectoralis major
  5. Latissimus Dorsi
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16
Q

What is the OIA of the Deltoid Spinal?

A

O: spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action:
- extension of humerus

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17
Q

What is the OIA of the Deltoid Acromial?

A

O: acromion

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action:
- abduction of arm at shoulder

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18
Q

What is the OIA of the Deltoid Clavicular?

A

O: clavicle

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action:
- flexion of humerus

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19
Q

What is the OIA of the Pectoralis major?

A

O: medial clavicle, costal cartilage of ribs (1-6)

I: bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

Action:
- flexion of arm at shoulder
- extension of a flexed arm
- horizontal flexion of arm

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20
Q

What is the OIA of the Latissium Dorsi?

A

O: posterior sacrum, lumbar vertebrae, lower thoracic vertebrae

I: bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

Action:
- extension of arm at shoulder

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21
Q

How many muscles are a part of the rotator cuff?

A

4

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22
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
  4. Subscapularis
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23
Q

What is the OIA of the Supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action:
- provides strength and stability to the shoulder joint
- initiates arm abduction

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24
Q

What is the OIA of the Infraspinatus?

A

O: infraspinatus fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action:
- provides strength to posterior component of the shoulder joint

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25
What is the OIA of the Teres minor?
O: lateral border of scapula I: greater tubercle of humerus, below infraspinatus Action: - provides posterior support to the shoulder joint
26
What is the OIA of the Subscapularis?
O: subscapular fossa of scapula I: lesser tubercle of humerus Action: - provides posterior support to the shoulder capsule
27
How many muscles are there in the group of muscles that move the arm?
4
28
What are the 4 muscles in the group of muscles that move the arm?
1. Teres major 2. Bicep Brachii 3. Triceps Brachii 4. Coracobrachialis
29
What is the OIA of the Teres major?
O: lateral border of scapula I: bicipital groove of humerus Action: - extension of arm
30
What is the OIA of the Bicep Brachii?
O: - Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula - Short head: Coracoid process of scapula I: radial tuberosity Action: - elbow supination - flexion of the shoulder
31
What is the OIA of the Triceps Brachii?
O: - Long: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula - Medial: posterior/medial aspect of the humerus - Lateral: posterior/lateral aspect of humerus I: olecranon process of ulna Action: - extension of elbow - extension of arm at shoulder (Long head only)
32
What is the OIA of the Coracobrachialis?
O: coracoid process of scapula I: media side of the shaft of humerus Action: - flexion of arm at the shoulder
33
How many muscles are a part of the elbow joint?
2
34
What are the 2 muscles that are a part of the elbow joint?
1. Brachialis 2. Brachioradialis
35
What is the OIA of the Brachialis?
O: anterior shaft of humerus I: coronoid process of ulna, ulna tuberosity
36
What is the OIA of the Brachioradialis?
O: shaft of humerus just above lateral epicondyle I: styloid process of radius
37
How many ANTERIOR superficial forearm muscles are there?
4
38
What are the 4 ANTERIOR superficial forearm muscles?
1. Pronator teres 2. Palmaris longus 3. Flexor carpi radialis 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris
39
What is the OIA of the pronator teres?
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: lateral surface of radius Action: - pronates forearm
40
What is the OIA of the Palmaris longus?
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: palmer oponeurosis
41
What is the OIA of the Flexor carpi radialis?
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Action: - abduct wrist
42
What is the OIA of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus, the upper part of the ulna I: pisiform, the base of the 5th metacarpal Action: abduct wrist
43
How many ANTERIOR intermediate forearm muscles are there?
1
44
Name the intermediate forearm muscles
flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
45
How many ANTERIOR deep forearm muscles are there?
3
46
What are the 3 ANTERIOR deep forearm muscles?
1. Flexor digitorum profundus 2. Flexor pollicis longus 3. Pronator quadratus
47
What is the OIA of the flexor digitorum profundus?
O: upper anterior ulna, interosseous membrane I: distal phalanges (digits 2-5) Action: - flexion of distal "IP" joints - flexion of MCP" joints
48
What is the OIA of the Flexor pollicis longus?
O: anterior shaft of radius, interosseous membrane I: distal phalanges of thumb Action: - Flexion of IP, CMC, MCP
49
What is the OIA of the Pronator quadratus?
O: distal ulna I: distal radius Action: - forearm pronation
50
How many POSTERIOR superficial forearm muscles are there?
4
51
What are the 4 POSTERIOR superficial forearm muscles?
1. Extensor carpi radialis longus 2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 3. Extensor digitorum 4. Extensor carpi ulnaris
52
What is the OIA of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?
O: above lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of the second metacarpals Action: - abducts wrist
53
What is the OIA of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of third metacarpals Action: - abducts wrist
54
What is the OIA of the Extensor digitorum?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: distal phalanx of D2-D5 via extensor expansion Action: - extension of finger - extension of D2-D5
55
What is the OIA of the Extensor carpi ulnaris?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of fifth metacarpal Action: - adducts wrist
56
How many POSTERIOR deep forearm muscles are there?
6
57
What are the 6 POSTERIOR deep forearm muscles?
1. Spinator 2. Anconeus 3. Abductor pollicis longus 4. Extensor pollicis longus 5. Extensor pollicis brevis 6. Extensor Indicis
58
What is the OIA of the supinator?
O: CEO, posterior radial notch of ulna I: anterolateral radius, distal to radial tuberosity Action: - forearm supination
59
What is the OIA of the Anconeus?
O: CEO I: Olecranon
60
What is the OIA of the Abductor pollicis longus?
O: posterior surface of radius and ulna, interosseous membrane I: First metacarpal Action: - thumb abduction
61
What is the OIA of the Extensor pollicis longus?
O: posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane I: distal phalanx of thumb Action: - MCL/IP extension of thumb
62
What is the OIA of the Extensor pollicis brevis?
O: posterior surface of the radius, interosseous membrane I: proximal phalanx of thumb Action: - MCP extension of thumb
63
What is the OIA of the Extensor Indicis?
O: posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane I: distal phalanx of digit 2 via extensor expansion Action: - IP extension 2nd digit
64
How many intrinsic muscles are there in the hand?
5
65
What are the 5 intrinsic muscles in the hand?
1. Thenar muscles group 2. hypothenar muscle group 3. Interossei- Palmer pictured 4. Interossei- Dorsal pictured 5. Lumbrical
66
What does the Thenar muscles group do?
- allows the thumb to oppose other digits - provides supplemental flexion/abduction of thumb
67
Which 3 muscles are part of the Hypothenar muscles group do?
1. opponens digiti minimi 2. abductor digiti minimi 3. flexor digiti minimi brevis
68
Which 3 muscles are part of the Thenar muscles group do?
1. opponens pollicis 2. abductor pollicis brevis 3. flexor pollicis brevis
69
What does the Hypothenar muscles group do?
- contributes to the movement of the little finger - important for graspi objects
70
What is the OIA of the interossei- Palmer pictured?
O: shaft of metacarpal I: extensor expansion Action: - adduction/abduction of digits
71
What is the OIA of the interossei-Dorsal pictured?
O: shaft of metacarpal I: extensor expansion Action: - adduction/abduction of digits
72
What is the OIA of the Lumbrical?
O: tendon of flexor digitorum profundus I: extensor expansion (digits 2-5) Action: - flexion at MCP - extension at IP (digits 2-5)
73
Which 3 muscles cause lateral rotation of the humerus
- deltoid spinal - infraspinatus - teres major
74
Which 2 muscles cause ABduction of the humerus
- deltoid spinal - deltoid clavicular
75
Which 4 muscles cause ADDuction of the humerus?
- pectoralis major - lattisium dorsi - teres minor - subscapularis
76
Which 5 muscles cause medial rotation of the humerus?
- deltoid clavicular - lattisum dorsi - pectoralis minor - subscapularis - teres major
77
Which 7 muscles cause elbow flexion?
- biceps brachii - brachialis - brachioradialis - pronator teres - palmaris longus - flexor carpi radialis - flexor carpi ulnaris
78
Which 5 muscles cause wrist flexion?
- flexor digitorum profoundus - flexor pollicis longus - palmaris longus - flexor carpi radialis - flexor carpi ulnaris
79
Which 7 muscles cause wrist extension?
- extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis - extensor digitorum - extensor carpi ulnairs - extensor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis brevis - abductor pollicis longus
80
Which 8 muscles cause extension of the elbow?
- supinator - anconeus - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis - extensor digitorum - extensor carpi ulnairs - olecranon - extensor indicis

Anatomy (11 decks)

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