Module 4B: Axial Muscles

Question 1

How many muscles are in the neck?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

What muscle is in the neck?

Answer 2

sternocleidomastoid

Question 3

What is the OIA of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 3

O: Clavicle, Sternum (from manubrium)

I: Mastoid process of the temporal bone

Action:
- lateral flexion of head and neck L or R
- Head rotation
- neck flexion (chin to chest)

Question 4

How many muscles are in the trunk?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

What are the muscles in the trunk?

Answer 5

1. Iliocostalis (thoracic & lumbar)
2. Longissium (thoracic & lumbar)
3. Spinalis (thoracic & lumbar)
4. Quadratus lumborum

Question 6

What is the Origin and Insertion of the iliocostails, Longissium and Spinalis?

Answer 6

O: iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar and lower thoracic spinous process

I: ribs, transverse/spinous process of cervical/thoracic vertebrae

Question 7

What is another name for the trunk muscles?

Answer 7

Erector spinae muscle group

Question 8

What does pars thoracic entail?

Answer 8

these muscles have the greatest mechanical advantage due to having the longest moment arms

Question 9

What does pars lumborum entail?

Answer 9

muscles can resist the forward movement of the trunk when we tip forward

Question 10

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Quadratus lumborum?

Answer 10

O: iliac crest

I: inferior border of rib 12, L1-L4

Question 11

Where is the Quadratus lumborum found?

Answer 11

deep to abdominal and erector spinae muscles

Question 12

How many thorax muscles are there?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

What are the muscles that make up the thorax?

Answer 13

1. External intercostals
2. Internal intercostals
3. Innermost intercostals
4. Diaphram

Question 14

What is the Origin and Insertion of the External intercostals?

Answer 14

O: rib above (superior)

I: rib below (inferior)

Question 15

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Internal intercostals?

Answer 15

O: rib above (superior)

I: rib below (inferior)

Question 16

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Inner intercostals?

Answer 16

O: rib above (superior)

I: rib below (inferior)

Question 17

What is the order superficial to Depp of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 17

SUPERFICIAL: external intercostals - internal intercostals - innermost intercostals : DEEP

Question 18

Which directions do the muscle fibres of the external intercostal muscles go?

Answer 18

runs down and forward from rib above to rib below \

Question 19

Which directions do the internal and innermost intercostal muscle fibres go?

Answer 19

runs up and back from rib below to rib above /

Question 20

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Diaphragm?

Answer 20

O: lumbar vertebrae, inferior ribs, xiphoid process

I: central tendon

Question 21

How many abdominal muscles are there?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

What are the abdominal muscles?

Answer 22

1. Rectus abdominis
2. External obliques
3. Internal obliques
4. Transverse obliques

Question 23

What are the 3 things abdominal muscles perform?

Answer 23

• trunk flexion
• antagonist to the erector spinal muscle group
• support trunk and protect organs

Question 24

What is the Origin and Insertion of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 24

O: pubis bone

I: xiphoid process, lower ribs
- increases intra-abdominal pressure

Question 25

The rectus abdominis is a ___ pack?

Answer 25

8 pack

Question 26

What is the Origin and Insertion of the external obliques?

Answer 26

O: the outer surface of the ribs I: linea alba, inguinal ligament

Question 27

What is the Origin and Insertion of the internal obliques?

Answer 27

O: lumbar fascia, iliac crest I: linea alba, lower ribs

Question 28

What is the Origin and Insertion of the transverse obliques?

Answer 28

O: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament I: linea alba

Question 29

What is intra-abdominal pressure?

Answer 29

provides postural support and pushes abs in when contracting

Question 30

What is the order superficial to Depp of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 30

SUPERFICIAL: external obliques, internal obliques, transverse obliques : DEEP

Question 31

Which direction do the muscle fibres of the external obliques go?

Answer 31

fibres move down and forward /

Question 32

Which direction do the muscle fibres of the internal obliques go?

Answer 32

fibres move down and backwards \

Question 33

Which direction do the muscle fibres of the horizontal obliques go?

Answer 33

fibres run horizontally

Question 34

Which 4 muscles cause back extension?

Answer 34

- illocostails - longissium - spinalis - quadratus lumborum

Question 35

What are the 4 muscles that cause lateral extension of the back

Answer 35

- illocostails - longissium - spinalis - quadratus lumborum

Question 36

Which 2 muscles cause inspiration?

Answer 36

- external intercostals - diaphragm

Question 37

Which 2 muscles cause expiration?

Answer 37

- internal intercostals - inner most intercostals

Question 38

Which 3 muscles cause trunk flexion?

Answer 38

- rectus abdominus - external obliques - internal obliques

Question 39

Which 2 muscles cause lateral flexion and trunk rotation?

Answer 39

- external obliques - internal obliques