Appendicular Skeleton: The Upper Appendage

Question 1

The Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 1

Made of mobile appendage with a similar pattern of bones between upper and lower limbs

Question 2

Upper Limbs

Answer 2

Phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius, ulna, humerus

Question 3

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 3

Scapula and Clavicle

Question 4

Clavicle

Answer 4

Little bone that is composed of the saddle joint (sternoclavicular joint) and the acromioclavicular joint

Question 5

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 5

Clavicle forms saddle joint with the sternum (facial skeleton and upper limb)
- Cannot rotate

Question 6

Acromioclavicular Joint

Answer 6

The acromial end of the clavicle joins with the acromion of the joint
- Fixed joint with no significant motion

Question 7

Scapula

Answer 7

Flat, triangular and glides over the posterior surface of the thorax

Question 8

Coracoid Process

Answer 8

Attachment for the biceps of the brachii and other muscles of the shoulder

Question 9

Acromion

Answer 9

Joins the scapula to the clavicle at the immobile acromioclavicular joint
- close to the skin and palpable

Question 10

Spine of the Scapula

Answer 10

Follows the acromion medially and forms a ridge that separates the posterior surface into supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa
* 3 fossa house the rotator cuff muscles

Question 11

Subscapular Fossa

Answer 11

The entire concave anterior surface that faces the ribs

Question 12

Glenoid Cavity

Answer 12

Forms part of the shoulder joint where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula

Question 13

Contractions of Scapula

Answer 13

• Protraction: Scapula slides laterally and somewhat anteriorly (reaching for something out of reach)
• Retraction: pull scapulae towards the back center and scapula moves medially
• Elevation: shrugging your shoulders and scapula moves superiorly
• Depression: inferior movement of scapula

Question 14

Humerus

Answer 14

THe only bone within the brachium (upper arm)

Question 15

Head of the Humerus

Answer 15

Near 2 tubercles

Question 16

Lateral Greater Tubercle and Medial Lesser Tubercle

Answer 16

The 2 tubercles near the head of the humerus

Question 17

Intertubercular grouove

Answer 17

Lies between the greater and lesser tubercles
- An attachment site for some muscles that move the humerus

Question 18

Anatomical Neck

Answer 18

At the epiphyseal plate that separates the head of the humerus from its diaphysis

Question 19

Surgical Neck

Answer 19

More commonly fractures than the anatomical neck and it is narrower

Question 20

Glenohumeral Joint

Answer 20

• Ball and socket joint = a wide range of motion
• Shoulder
• B/w glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus

Question 21

Movements of the Humerus

Answer 21

• Internal Rotation: of the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) rotates humerus inwardly
• External Rotation: of shoulder joint rotates humerus outwardly
• Extension: of shoulder moves humerus posteriorly
• Flexion: of shoulder moves humerus anteriorly
• Adduction: of shoulder moves humerus towards body
• Abduction: of shoulder moves humerus away from body

Question 22

Distal Humerus

Answer 22

Humerus has 2 condyles (prominent articular surfaces)

Question 23

Trochlea

Answer 23

Spool-shaped condyles and articulates with the ulna
- Condyle at distal humerus

Question 24

Capitulum

Answer 24

Somewhat spherical and articulates with the radius
- Condyle at distal humerus

Question 25

Olecranon fossa

Answer 25

On the posterior surface that allows for full extension of the elbow (humeroulnar joint)

Question 26

Epicondyles

Answer 26

Prominent ridges outside of the condyles

Question 27

Medial Epicondyle

Answer 27

Attachment for most of the anterior forearm muscles

Question 28

Lateral Epicondyle

Answer 28

Attachment for most of the posterior forearm muscles

Question 29

Radius and Ulna

Answer 29

2 bones of the forearm - Radius: laterally on thumb side - Ulna: medially on pinky side

Question 30

Interosseous Membrane

Answer 30

Along the shaft of both the radius and ulna - Ligamentous connection that holds the bones together

Question 31

Styloid Process

Answer 31

Distally, where radius and ulna bone terminates

Question 32

Elbow Joint

Answer 32

3 bones and 3 joints

Question 33

Humeroulnar Joint

Answer 33

- Flexion (bends elbow) and extension (straightens elbow) - hinge joint - ulna rips humerus trochlea like a wrench

Question 34

Coronoid Process and Olecranon process

Answer 34

2 sides of the wrench of the ulna that grips grips trochlea

Question 35

Olecranon Process

Answer 35

Attachment site for the powerful extensors of the elbow

Question 36

Humeroradial Joint

Answer 36

Radius articulates with the capitulum in what looks like a ball and socket joint, but the range of motion of this joint is LIMITED -Only flexion, extension, and rotation are possible

Question 37

Head of the Radius

Answer 37

External rotation of the head of the radius against the capitulum produces supination (external rotation of radius = anterior facing palm) - Protonation: moves palm to face posteriorly (Proximal Radioulnar Joint)

Question 38

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

Answer 38

Limited motion - Radial head fits into a crescent-shaped depression in the ulna (Radial Notch) - Articulation = pivot joint (permits supination and protonation)

Question 39

Wrist and Hand

Answer 39

8 carpal bones = wrist

Question 40

Radiocarpal Joint

Answer 40

Primary joint of the wrist (condyloid joint b/w radius and ulana and proximal row of carpals) - Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

Question 41

Joints between Carpals

Answer 41

Plane joints (joints slide past each other)

Question 42

Metacarpals

Answer 42

5 metacarpals support the pal of the hand that articulate with the distal row of 4 carpals and the 5 proximal phalanges of the digits

Question 43

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 43

B/w metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges (condyloid joints: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction)

Question 44

Proximal Interphalangeal Joints

Answer 44

B/w proximal and intermediate phalanx of the digit (hinge joint: flexion, extension)

Question 45

Distal Interphalangeal Joints

Answer 45

B/w intermediate/distal phalanges (flex and extend)

Question 46

Digits II-V

Answer 46

3 phalanges each: proximal, intermediate, distal phalanges

Question 47

Digit I

Answer 47

Pollex (lacks intermediate phalanx)

Question 48

Metacarpal Bones I-V

Answer 48

Make up the palm of the hand and articulate with the 5 proximal phalanges and the distal row of 4 carpals

Question 49

Distal Row of Carpals

Answer 49

Capitate, Hamate, Trapezium, Trapezoid

Question 50

Proximal Row of Carpals

Answer 50

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform