The Digestive System

Question 1

Oral Cavity

Answer 1

Extends from the lips to the soft palate’s posterior limit, from the tongue to the hard palate, and from cheek to cheek
- lined by mucous membrane: produces saliva

Question 2

Salivary Glands

Answer 2

• Produces most of salivas volume
• Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

Question 3

Oropharynx

Answer 3

When swallowing, food/drink is pushed here by the elevation of the tongue

Question 4

Nasopharynx

Answer 4

Waves of smooth muscle contract (peristalsis), propelling food along the alimentary canal

Question 5

Laryngopharynx

Answer 5

Where the bolus of food/liquid is propelled towards from the oropharynx and from here to the esophagus

Question 6

Epiglottis

Answer 6

Cartilage that folds over and blocks the entrance to the trachea to divert food/liquid to the esophagus when you swallow

Question 7

Incisive Bone

Answer 7

Holds the 4 upper incisors (teeth)

Question 8

Maxillary Teeth

Answer 8

All upper teeth

Question 9

Mandibular Teeth

Answer 9

All lower teeth

Question 10

Quadrants of the Teeth (4)

Answer 10

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars

Question 11

Deciduous Teeth

Answer 11

The first set of teeth in childhood without 3 sets of molars

Question 12

Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity (4)

Answer 12

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

Question 13

Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity (9)

Answer 13

Right/left hypochondriac, epigastric, right/left lumbar, right/left iliac, hypogastric, umbilical

Question 14

Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 14

Membrane-bound space in the abdominopelvic cavity w/ 3 parts

Question 15

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 15

Covers many digestive organs as they pass through the abdomen

Question 16

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 16

Forms the outer wall of the peritoneal cavity and joins the body wall

Question 17

Mesentery Peritoneum

Answer 17

Forms connection between parietal and visceral layers. Passage for vessels and nerves that communicate with the viscera

Question 18

Stomach

Answer 18

In the peritoneal cavity and lies in the upper left quadrant primarily

Question 19

Greater Omentum

Answer 19

Large, fatty expansion of the mesentery that hangs from the stomach and covers the large and small intestines

Question 20

Cardia

Answer 20

Where the esophagus opens to the stomach

Question 21

Cardiac Sphincter

Answer 21

At the esophagus and stomach junction

Question 22

Fundus

Answer 22

Rounded roof of the stomach and superior to the cardia

Question 23

Body of the Stomach

Answer 23

Middle region of the stomach that tapers towards the small intestine as the pylorus

Question 24

Pyloric Sphincter (Lower esophageal)

Answer 24

Strong muscle that gates the entrance to the duodenum. Controls output of chyme into duodenum.

Question 25

Duodenum

Answer 25

Small intestine's first segment. Receives chyme from the stomach. - Neutralizes acidic chyme

Question 26

Chyme

Answer 26

Formed by sphincters on either end of the stomach holding food and drink within its lumen while contractions mix the contents with gastric secretions

Question 27

Rugae

Answer 27

Gastric walls folded into ridges inside the stomach that allow for expansion of the stomach

Question 28

Hepatic Duct

Answer 28

- Duct found between the liver and common bile ducts Carries bile away from all lobes of the liver

Question 29

Cystic Duct

Answer 29

- B/w gallbladder and common bile duct Carries bile away from the gallbladder and where the gallbladder fills and expands

Question 30

Common Bile Duct

Answer 30

Carries bile from both liver and gallbladder to duodenum

Question 31

Gallbladder

Answer 31

Stores bile made from the liver and contracts to move bile to the duodenum to facilitate lipid digestion

Question 32

Liver

Answer 32

Hepatic bile ducts run throughout the liver which produces bile and exits liver through the common bile duct - Absorption, elimination, nutrient release

Question 33

Pylorus

Answer 33

Narrow end of the stomach that leads into the pyloric sphincter

Question 34

Liver Lobes

Answer 34

Right (biggest back), left (smallest back), caudate (3 sided tail like), quadrate lobes (4-sided region next to the gallbladder)

Question 35

Portal Triad

Answer 35

Hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct - The vessels entering/exiting the liver at the union of the liver lobes

Question 36

Pancreas

Answer 36

Small clusters of pancreatic islets that produce insulin and glucagon to stabilize blood glucose levels - digestive enzymes

Question 37

Spleen

Answer 37

Not part of the digestive system but part of the immune system. Surveillance the blood for the immune system. - Superior to Stomach - Left Hypochondriac region

Question 38

Small Intestine

Answer 38

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum - Duodenum = shortest

Question 39

Jejunum

Answer 39

What the duodenum turns into and occupies the ULQ of the abdomen - Absorbs nutrients

Question 40

Ileum

Answer 40

LRQ of the abdomen. Last segment of small intestine and joins the cecum of the large intestine at the ileocecal junction.

Question 41

Large Intestine

Answer 41

Cecum, ileocecal junction, appendix, colons, rectum, anus

Question 42

Cecum

Answer 42

Where the ileum empties its contents at the ileocecal junction - Small sac that attaches to appendix

Question 43

Ascending, transverse, descending colon

Answer 43

WHere the material from the cecum is passed up, over, and down and then into the sigmoid colon

Question 44

Sigmoid Colon

Answer 44

S-shaped and turns into the pelvic cavity and becomes the rectum

Question 45

Rectum

Answer 45

Straight portion of the large intestine

Question 46

Anus

Answer 46

Where the rectum terminates as a ring of muscle - Internal and external sphincter muscles - Opening of the large intestine

Question 47

Appendix

Answer 47

Small extension is blind-ended, being open to the cecum but closed on its other end