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Biol 252L > The Heart and Major Blood Vessels > Flashcards

The Heart and Major Blood Vessels Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Mediastinum

A
  • Heart, thymus, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, great vessels of the heart location
  • Central division of the thoracic cavity between the pleural cavity (where the lungs are)
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2
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

What the heart is surround by
- Thin, fluid-filled cavity that ensures a low friction environment in the heart’s movement

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3
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

Contains Pericardial cavity

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4
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Double circuit delivering blood to nearly the entire body
- Blood leaves heart at aorta, travels through body main arteries, arrives at systemic capillaries, blood is collected by veins that empty into vena cava before reaching the heart

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5
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Blood leaves heart at pulmonary trunk and travels through pulmonary arteries to the pulmonary capillaries

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6
Q

Chambers of the Heart

A

Small atria and larger ventricles

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7
Q

Right Atrium and Auricle

A

Receive blood from superior vena cava and inferior vena cava (body’s largest veins)

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8
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Small vein sending blood to the right atrium
- Formed by the cardiac veins

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9
Q

Pulmonary Veins (4)

A

Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium and its auricle

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10
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk

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11
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Pumps blood to all of the body’s remaining structures through the aorta

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12
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A

Arterial vessel that delivers blood to the lungs

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13
Q

Right and Left Coronary Arteries

A

Branch form base of aorta and deliver oxygen to the cells of the heart
- branch to form capillaries

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14
Q

Cardiac veins

A

Returns blood from right and left coronary arteries

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15
Q

Outermost layer of the heart

A

Epicardium

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16
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer that lines the atria and ventricles (in contact with blood)

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17
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle, thick layer thgat contains cardiac muscle and connective tissue

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18
Q

Epicardium

A

Outer layer of the heart and holds some fat
- Wher coronary arteries and cardiac veins travel

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19
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Surrounds heart and forms a thin layer
- Fluid and helps ensure heart beats within a friction-free environment

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20
Q

Visceral and Parietal Pericardia

A

Form the pericardial cavity’s inner and outer boundaries
- Visceral is same membrane as epicardium

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21
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

External to the parietal pericardium and is the outermost structures
- Limits heart’s expansion during filling and forms the outer border of the pericardial cavity

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22
Q

Layers of Heart (Outer to Inner)

A

Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, epicardium (visceral pericardium), myocardium, endocardium

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23
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

B/w atria and ventricles and ensure backflow of blood into atria does not occur

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24
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

Small cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricle walls in the AV valves

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25
Papillary muscles
Small finger-like projections that hold the chordae tendineae
26
Tricuspid Valve (Right AV)
3 cusps/leaflets that come together during the contraction of the ventricles
27
Bicuspid (Mitral/Left AV) Valve
Like a bishop's heat
28
Semilunar Valves
On other side of the ventricles and ensure that high-pressure blood from the arterial system does not flow back into the ventricles as they relax
29
Aortic Valve (SLV)
Between left ventricle and aorta
30
Pulmonary Valve (SLV)
Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
31
Pectinate (comb) Muscles
Muscular ridges on the internal wall of the atria
32
Trabeculae Carneae (meat beams)
Muscular ridges in the ventricles
33
Interventricular Septum
Thick wall separating the two ventricles
34
Interatrial septum
Thin wall separating the two atria
35
Fossa Ovalis
Small depression within the wall that separates the 2 atria
36
Foramen Ovale
Hole in the heart wall that allows blood to move from the right atrium to the left atrium - (Where fossa ovalis is now) - Closes at the time of birth = separates pulmonary and systemic circulations
37
3 Main Branches of the Aorta in Order
Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
38
Arise from the Brachiocephalic Artery
Right Common Carotid and Right subclavian Arteries
39
Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Formed from left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein (Same on right side)
40
Superior Vena Cava
Formed by the merging of both the left and right brachiocephalic vein
41
Thoracic Aorta
Carries oxygenated blood to lower parts of the body
42
Abdominal Aorta
What the thoracic aorta becomes after passing through the diaphragm
43
Common Iliac Arteries
Splits to form the internal iliac artery and external iliac artery on each side of the body - due to bifurcation as abdominal aorta enters pelvis
44
Femoral Artery
External iliac artery continues to the leg as the femoral artery
45
Internal Iliac artery
Serves the pelvis and associated muscle - From common iliac arteries
46
Femoral Veins
Become external iliac veins which join internal iliac veins to form common iliac veins - Forms Inferior vena cava
47
Inferior Vena Cava
Delivers blood to the heart
48
Common Carotid Arteries
Supplies blood to the head
49
Internal Carotid Artery
Penetrates the cranial base and branches to serve the brain and meninges - W/ vertebral artery
50
Vertebral Artery
Branch of the subclavian artery that passes through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae on its way to the cranial cavity
51
External Carotid Artery
Supplies the rest of the head, including the face, scalp, oral cavity, and pharynx.
52
External jugular Vein
Responsible for draining the structures outside of the cranial cavity
53
Internal jugular Vein
Drains blood from the cranial cavity
54
Veins in the Head
Internal jugular vein joins the subclavian vein, and both the subclavian and internal jugular veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein.
55
Pulmonary Trunk
- Arterial vessel that delivers blood to the lungs Arises from the right ventricle and braches into the left pulmonary arteries
56
Microscopic Alveoli
Where the branches of the pulmonary arteries reach for gas exchange and terminate in capillaries
57
Celiac Trunk
Anterior projecting artery that serves the stomach, liver and spleen
58
Superior Mesentric Artery
Anterior projecting artery that serves the small intestine an first part of the large intestine
59
Inferior Mesentric Artery
Anterior projecting artery that serves the last part of the large intestine
60
Renal Arteries
Paired, laterally directed vessels that provide blood to the kidneys
61
Gonadal Arteries
Paired arteries that supply the gonads (started off higher in abdominal cavity in embryo)
62
Paired Renal (to kidneys) veins and Gonadal veins (to gonads)
Drain to the inferior vena cava and left gonadal vein does so indirectly
63
Portal System
Unique pattern that the veins of the abdominal digestive organ follow
64
Hepatic Portal Vein
Where the venous drainage from the digestive tracts organs (portal system) go - Unlike renal and gonadal arteries
65
Hepatic Sinusoids
Large capillaries of the liver where substances can be removed or added to the blood - Blood goes from hepatic portal vein
66
Hepatic Veins
Receive blood from the sinusoids and empty into the inferior vena cava

Biol 252L (18 decks)

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