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Flashcards in Application of Anatomy Deck (20)
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1
Q

Define evolution

A

Animals and species changing and adapting over time

2
Q

What causes current animals to be different from their ancestors?

A

Adaptive modifications

3
Q

Define evolutionary convergence

A

Animals living in similar circumstances evolve similar structures to solve similar problams

4
Q

What is mean by homology similarities?

A

Structures from same embryonic origin but may have different functions

5
Q

What type of similarity is convergent evolution and explain what it means?

A

Analogy, structures have the same function but come from different embryonic origin

6
Q

Define speciation

A

Individuals from single population diverge to become distinct populations which no longer meet species definitions

7
Q

Define biome

A

Worlds major communities of living

8
Q

What is the specific area and animal is found called, including living and non-living factors?

A

Habitat

9
Q

Define a niche

A

Environmental conditions that define species requirements to practice their way of life

10
Q

Define extinction

A

Species no longer exists

11
Q

List causes of extinction

A
Human activity
Loss of prey
Competition
Natural disasters
Climate change
12
Q

What is mass extinction?

A

Large number of species go extinct in a short period of time

13
Q

Define extant

A

Animals still living in present

14
Q

How can we interpret information about extinct animals lives?

A

Form-function relationships allow us to infer habitats.

Anatomical inferences come from fossils as soft tissue information is limited

15
Q

What are generalist anaimals?

A

Animals that survive in a wide variety of conditions and resources

16
Q

What type of animals can only survive in a narrow range of conditions with limited variety of resources?

A

Specialists

17
Q

What desert conditions do those animals need to overcome?

A

Little water
Very hot at day and very cold at night
Unstable, dusty surfaces

18
Q

How are animals adapted to living in freezing conditions?

A

Small SA:V- short limbs, body fat stores and small ears
Insulation- body fat and feathers
Counter current heat exchange feet

19
Q

Explain how counter current flow works in the feet of penguins

A

Blood runs parallel in and out so blood cools as reaches feet and warms up as enters the body again. Minimises heat loss

20
Q

How do nasal conchae help preserve heat?

A

Complex and high surface area to condense heat and water