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P.E. > Applied Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Head / Neck

A

Cranium and Vertebrae

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2
Q

Shoulder

A

Scapula

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3
Q

Arm

A

Humerus, Radius, Ulna (under)

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4
Q

Chest

A

Ribs / Sternum

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5
Q

Hip

A

Pelvis

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6
Q

Leg

A

Femur, Tibia, Fibula (small)

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7
Q

Knee

A

Patella

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8
Q

Ankle, hands

A

Talus, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

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9
Q

Short Bones

A
  • Enable fine movements
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10
Q

Long Bones

A
  • Enable gross movements
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11
Q

Flat Bones

A

Protection of vital organs

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12
Q

Function of Skeletal System

A
  • Support
  • Protection of vital organs
  • Movement
  • Storage of minerals
  • Blood cell production
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13
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Lats

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14
Q

Deltoid

A

Anterior Deltoid, Lateral Deltoid, Posterior Deltoid

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15
Q

Rotator Cuffs

A

Group of muscles and tendons in shoulder

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16
Q

Pectorals

A

Chest

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17
Q

Biceps

A

Dont be retarded

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18
Q

Triceps

A

Dont be retarded

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19
Q

Abdominals

A

Abs

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20
Q

Hip Flexors

A

Around hips

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21
Q

Gluteals

A

Bunda

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22
Q

Hamstrings

A

Behind thighs

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23
Q

Quads

A

Front of thighs

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24
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Calves

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25
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Shins

26
Q

Tendons

A

Attaches muscle to bone

27
Q

Ligaments

A

Attaches bone to bone

28
Q

Structure of a synovial joint

A
  • Synovial Membrane
  • Synovial Fluid
  • Joint Capsule
  • Bursa
  • Cartilage
  • Ligaments
29
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Releases synovial fluid into the joint

30
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Lubricates joint, reducing friction between bones

31
Q

Bursa

A

Small fluid filled sac cushioning and reducing friction between tendons and bone

32
Q

Joint Capsule

A

outer sleeve holding bones together, protecting joint

33
Q

Hinge Joints

A
  • Bones move in one direction only
  • Full flexion and extension
  • Synovial joint
34
Q

Ball and Socket joints

A
  • Allows movement in almost every direction
  • Flexible
  • Synovial Joint
35
Q

Flexion / Extension

A
  • Shoulder
  • Elbow
  • Knee
  • Hip
36
Q

Shoulder (joint movements)

A
  • Abduction, Adduction
  • Rotation
  • Circumduction
  • Flexion, Extension
37
Q

Plantar Flexion / Dorsiflexion

A

Ankle

38
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle contracting

39
Q

Antagonist

A

Relaxing muscle

40
Q

Concentric

A

Shortening and fattening of the muscle

41
Q

Eccentric

A

Lengthening on the downward phase during tension

42
Q

Pathway of air

A 
Mouth / Nose
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
Alveoli
43
Q

Properties of Arteries

A
  • Thick outer wall
  • Thick inner layer of muscle
  • Narrow Lumen (pressure)
44
Q

Properties of a Vein

A
  • Thin outer Wall
  • Thin inner layer of muscle
  • Wide lumen (more blood flow)
  • Valves
45
Q

pathway of blood

A
  • Right atrium (DOB)
  • Right ventricle (DOB)
  • Pulmonary artery (DOB)
  • Lungs (OB)
  • Pulmonary vein (OB)
  • Left atrium (OB)
  • Left ventricle (OB)
  • Aorta (OB)
  • Rest of body (OB)
46
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

47
Q

During inspiration

A
  • Intercostal muscles contract
  • Diaphragm contracts

Increases thoracic cavity, pressure decreases, drawing in air

48
Q

During expiration

A
  • Intercostal muscles relax
  • Diaphragm relaxes

Decreases thoracic cavity, increasing pressure, causing exhalation

49
Q

What effect does the pecs have on inspiration during EXERCISE?

A

Pecs can cause the lungs to expand more

50
Q

What effect does the abs have on expiration during EXERCISE?

A

abs can pull down ribcage quicker so forces air OUT quicker

51
Q

What does a spirometer trace do?

A

Measurements for tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume

52
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume -

A

Maximum amount of additional air that can be taken in after a normal breath

53
Q

Expiratory reserve volume -

A

Maximum amount of additional air that can be exhaled out of the lungs after a normal breath

54
Q

Residual volume -

A

Amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal out breath (air kept in lungs to prevent microscopic structures from being damaged)

55
Q

Tidal Volume -

A

The amount of air breathed in with each normal breath (avg. 500ml)

56
Q

Anaerobic respiration, formula

A

Respiration in the absence of oxygen.

Glucose -> lactic acid + energy

57
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Oxygen debt

58
Q

Immediate effects of exercise

A
  • Sweat
  • Vasodilation
  • Breathing rate increases (depth too)
  • Increased heart rate
59
Q

Short-term effects of exercise

A
  • Fatigue / Tiredness
  • Nausea
  • DOMS
  • Aching, cramp
60
Q

DOMS

A

Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness

due to tears in muscle fibres

61
Q

Long-term effects of exercise

A
  • Improvements in specifc components of fitness
  • Hypertrophy
  • Building Strength
  • ## Improved muscular endurance

P.E. (12 decks)

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