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P.E. > Applied Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Head / Neck

A

Cranium and Vertebrae

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2
Q

Shoulder

A

Scapula

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3
Q

Arm

A

Humerus, Radius, Ulna (under)

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4
Q

Chest

A

Ribs / Sternum

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5
Q

Hip

A

Pelvis

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6
Q

Leg

A

Femur, Tibia, Fibula (small)

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7
Q

Knee

A

Patella

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8
Q

Ankle, hands

A

Talus, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

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9
Q

Short Bones

A
  • Enable fine movements
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10
Q

Long Bones

A
  • Enable gross movements
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11
Q

Flat Bones

A

Protection of vital organs

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12
Q

Function of Skeletal System

A
  • Support
  • Protection of vital organs
  • Movement
  • Storage of minerals
  • Blood cell production
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13
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Lats

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14
Q

Deltoid

A

Anterior Deltoid, Lateral Deltoid, Posterior Deltoid

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15
Q

Rotator Cuffs

A

Group of muscles and tendons in shoulder

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16
Q

Pectorals

A

Chest

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17
Q

Biceps

A

Dont be retarded

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18
Q

Triceps

A

Dont be retarded

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19
Q

Abdominals

A

Abs

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20
Q

Hip Flexors

A

Around hips

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21
Q

Gluteals

A

Bunda

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22
Q

Hamstrings

A

Behind thighs

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23
Q

Quads

A

Front of thighs

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24
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Calves

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25
Tibialis Anterior
Shins
26
Tendons
Attaches muscle to bone
27
Ligaments
Attaches bone to bone
28
Structure of a synovial joint
- Synovial Membrane - Synovial Fluid - Joint Capsule - Bursa - Cartilage - Ligaments
29
Synovial Membrane
Releases synovial fluid into the joint
30
Synovial Fluid
Lubricates joint, reducing friction between bones
31
Bursa
Small fluid filled sac cushioning and reducing friction between tendons and bone
32
Joint Capsule
outer sleeve holding bones together, protecting joint
33
Hinge Joints
- Bones move in one direction only - Full flexion and extension - Synovial joint
34
Ball and Socket joints
- Allows movement in almost every direction - Flexible - Synovial Joint
35
Flexion / Extension
- Shoulder - Elbow - Knee - Hip
36
Shoulder (joint movements)
- Abduction, Adduction - Rotation - Circumduction - Flexion, Extension
37
Plantar Flexion / Dorsiflexion
Ankle
38
Agonist
Muscle contracting
39
Antagonist
Relaxing muscle
40
Concentric
Shortening and fattening of the muscle
41
Eccentric
Lengthening on the downward phase during tension
42
Pathway of air
``` Mouth / Nose Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Lungs Alveoli ```
43
Properties of Arteries
- Thick outer wall - Thick inner layer of muscle - Narrow Lumen (pressure)
44
Properties of a Vein
- Thin outer Wall - Thin inner layer of muscle - Wide lumen (more blood flow) - Valves
45
pathway of blood
- Right atrium (DOB) - Right ventricle (DOB) - Pulmonary artery (DOB) - Lungs (OB) - Pulmonary vein (OB) - Left atrium (OB) - Left ventricle (OB) - Aorta (OB) - Rest of body (OB)
46
Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
47
During inspiration
- Intercostal muscles contract - Diaphragm contracts Increases thoracic cavity, pressure decreases, drawing in air
48
During expiration
- Intercostal muscles relax - Diaphragm relaxes Decreases thoracic cavity, increasing pressure, causing exhalation
49
What effect does the pecs have on inspiration during EXERCISE?
Pecs can cause the lungs to expand more
50
What effect does the abs have on expiration during EXERCISE?
abs can pull down ribcage quicker so forces air OUT quicker
51
What does a spirometer trace do?
Measurements for tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume
52
Inspiratory reserve volume -
Maximum amount of additional air that can be taken in after a normal breath
53
Expiratory reserve volume -
Maximum amount of additional air that can be exhaled out of the lungs after a normal breath
54
Residual volume -
Amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal out breath (air kept in lungs to prevent microscopic structures from being damaged)
55
Tidal Volume -
The amount of air breathed in with each normal breath (avg. 500ml)
56
Anaerobic respiration, formula
Respiration in the absence of oxygen. Glucose -> lactic acid + energy
57
What is EPOC?
Oxygen debt
58
Immediate effects of exercise
- Sweat - Vasodilation - Breathing rate increases (depth too) - Increased heart rate
59
Short-term effects of exercise
- Fatigue / Tiredness - Nausea - DOMS - Aching, cramp
60
DOMS
Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness | due to tears in muscle fibres
61
Long-term effects of exercise
- Improvements in specifc components of fitness - Hypertrophy - Building Strength - Improved muscular endurance -

P.E. (12 decks)

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