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P.E. > Socio-cultural influences and wellbeing in physical activity and sport > Flashcards

Socio-cultural influences and wellbeing in physical activity and sport Flashcards

1
Q

Skill

A

Learned patterns of movement acquired through training enabling athletes to perform effectively with correct technique

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2
Q

Basic Skill

A

Skills which should be mastered and are learned at a young age, sprinting

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3
Q

Complex Skill

A

Require more coordination and control, more specific to a sport and take practice to master, eg. Dropshot in squash

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4
Q

Open Skill

A

Skills affected by external factors

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5
Q

Closed skill

A

Skills not affected by external factors such as the environment, doesn’t have to consider external factors such as positioning, etc

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6
Q

Self paced skill

A

Performance is decided by the performer and there are no external factors

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7
Q

Externally paces skill

A

Other factors in the environment decide when one carries out a skilled action

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8
Q

Gross skill

A

Skill involving the use of large muscular contractions

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9
Q

Fine skill

A

Skill involving the use of smaller muscular contractions

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10
Q

Personal performance goals

A

Helps athletes to focus on an aspect of performance where personal standards can be achieved.

Not compared to any other external performances

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11
Q

Outcome goals

A

Goals that focus on the end result and winning

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12
Q

SMART Targets

A 
S - specific
M - Measurable
A - Accepted
R - Realistic
T - Time bound
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13
Q

Basic Information Processing Model

A

Input –> Decision Making –> Output –> Feedback

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14
Q

Basic Information Processing Model (INPUT)

A

Detecting information from display

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15
Q

Basic Information Processing Model (DECISION MAKING)

A

Selection of appropriate responses from long term and short term memory

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16
Q

Basic Information Processing Model (OUTPUT)

A

Information sent to muscles to carry out the response

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17
Q

Visual guidance

A

Guidance in the form of something that the performer can see

18
Q

Verbal guidance

A

Guidance in the form of talking and describing

19
Q

Manual guidance

A

Involves a coach physically moving the player into correct position to perform a skill

20
Q

Mechanical guidance

A

When objects or aids are used to assist in the coaching process, eg. Cones to dribble through

21
Q

Which form of guidance is best for beginners?

A

Visual and manual, where the coach can physically guide their technique to perfect skills

22
Q

Which form of guidance is best for professionals?

A

Verbal and mechanical, so verbally they can be given feedback which is easier to understand at high level performance and mechanically, technique is already good so mechanical guidance can be used to strengthen and become more consistent at performing the skill

23
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of positive feedback

A

Motivates performer

But can emphasise positive aspects too highly and not dwell on weaknesses which need to be improved

24
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of negative feedback

A

Enables coach to provide guidance and focus on mistakes for improvement

Can demoralise performer, especially beginners

May put them off the sport

25
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of intrinsic feedback

A

Performers can make immediate adjustments

However requires a high level of knowledge, better suited for a professional

26
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of extrinsic feedback

A

Player is made aware by coach to learn how to correct mistakes which the player may not recognise

However difficult to get the advice and help from a qualified coach

27
Q

Arousal

A

Level of readiness and excitement to perform, and is linked to psychological and physical processes

28
Q

Inverted U theory

A
  • As arousal increases, performance increases.
  • At optimum arousal, the performance is at its high
  • At too high arousal, performance decreases
29
Q

How does the inverted U theory differ between skills performed?

A

In gross skills, level of optimal arousal is higher than in fine skills when trying to optimise performance

30
Q

How can arousal be controlled?

A
  • Deep breathing
  • Mental rehearsal / Visualisation / Imagery
  • Positive self talk
31
Q

Deep breathing

A
  • Psychological process

- Helps to reduce anxiety

32
Q

Self talk

A

Psychological process, the voice in our heads

Positive
- gives performer confidence

Negative
- demoralises performer

33
Q

Imagery

A

Performer imagines themselves being successful in their performance
- Aids confidence

34
Q

Mental rehearsal

A

Performer pictures themselves executing a skill and practices this skill in their mind with correct technique
- Helps to perform correctly and efficiently

35
Q

Indirect aggression

A
  • Aggression which does not involve physical contact

- Taken out on an object to gain an advantage

36
Q

Direct aggression

A
  • Aggression involving physical contact
37
Q

Direct aggression

A
  • Aggression involving physical contact

- Punch in boxing

38
Q

Characteristics of an Introvert

A
  • Shy / Quiet
  • Thoughtful
  • Enjoy being on their own
  • Play sports requiring concentration, precision (fine skills)
  • Low arousal is required
  • Solo sports
39
Q

Characteristics of an extrovert

A
  • Enjoy sociable situations
  • Enthusiastic / talkative
  • Prone to boredom when isolated
  • Play fast paced sports
  • Gross skills used
  • Team sports
40
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Motivation that comes from within the performer

More likely to lead to continued effort and participation

Generally deemed more effective

41
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Motivation that comes externally from the performer

Results in feelings of pride and self-satisfaction

However performer can become over-reliant on extrinsic motivation

P.E. (12 decks)

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