Approached to Personality 1

Question 1

According to Hippocrates physical illness arises due to?

Answer 1

An imbalance of bodily fluids

Question 2

What were Galen’s 4 personality ‘temperaments’?

Answer 2

• Phlegmatic
• Choleric
• Sanguine
• Melancholic

Question 3

Phlegmatic Temperament

Answer 3

Clam and relaxed

Question 4

Choleric Temperament

Answer 4

Angry and volatile

Question 5

Sanguine Temperament

Answer 5

Happy and enthusiastic

Question 6

Melancholic Temperament

Answer 6

Depressed and unhappy

Question 7

2 original dimensions of personality (Eysenck, 1947)

Answer 7

• Extraversion
• Neuroticism

Question 8

Orthogonal

Answer 8

Both traits are independent

Question 9

3rd dimension of personality, Eysenck (1970s)

Answer 9

Psychoticism

Question 10

Why was psychoticism not considered wholly independent?

Answer 10

An important dimension of personality but not totally independent of Neuroticism.

Question 11

According to the biological account of extraversion what is the role of The Ascending Reticular Activation System (ARAS)?

Answer 11

Located in the brain stem, modulates activity in the brain stem

Question 11

Activity of the ARAS in extroverts?

Answer 11

• Lower levels of cortical arousal, so seek out external stimulation

Question 12

Activity of the ARAS in introverts?

Answer 12

• higher levels of cortical arousal, so avoid external stimulation

Question 13

Key biological underpinning of neuroticism?

Answer 13

The reticula-limbic system (RLS), involved in emotional processing

Question 14

RLS in those with high levels of neuroticism?

Answer 14

Higher baseline activity, making them more sensitive to emotionally provoking stimuli.

Question 15

Key brain areas involved in the Rienforcement Sensitivity Theory

Answer 15

• Amygdala
• Ventromedial hypothalamus
• Midbrain grey matter

Question 16

Behavioural Activation System (BAS)

Answer 16

Behaviour towards desired goals based on previous experience. Activated behaviour previously associated with positive events.

Question 17

Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)

Answer 17

Attention on negative consequences of behaviour. It inhibits behaviour to avoid negative events.

Question 18

According to Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, anxiety is driven by?

Answer 18

BIS system

Question 19

According to Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, impulsivity is driven by?

Answer 19

BAS system

Question 20

Dispositional approach to personality

Answer 20

Personality is seen as consistent internal dispositions, independent of context.

Question 21

Situational approach to personality

Answer 21

Personality is seen as a series of correlated states, resulting from situational factors, dependent on context.

Question 22

Nomothetic approach to personality

Answer 22

Individual differences in personality can be described using the same terms. We all exist on a continuum.

Question 23

Ideographic approach to personality

Answer 23

Individual differences in personality cannot be described using the same terms, two people are unique.

Question 24

Most modern theories of personality take a ______ and ______ approach

Answer 24

Nomothetic and dispositional