Narrow Personality Traits Flashcards
(17 cards)
The Bandwidth-Fidelity Dilemma (Cronbach & Gelser, 1965)
The likely trade off between the number of behaviours we can predict & the accuracy of those predictors.
Broader high level descriptors….
- E.g. Big five or higher
- Predict more behaviours but with less accuracy
Narrower lower level descriptors….
- E.g Facets or Dark Triad
- Predicts less behaviour but with more accuracy
Authoritarianism can be defined as?
- Preference for the familiar
- Respect for institutions
- Strong views on crime and punishment
Amodio et al. (2007) investigated the neurological signatures of authoritarianism, finding that?
In a Go/No-Go task people high in trait Authoritarianism would struggle to inhibit a habitual response.
The Continuity Hypothesis
There is no dis-continuity between mental illness and normality, it exists on a continuum.
The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings (O-LIFE) provides a measurement of Schizotypy, which 4 factors does the inventory aim to target?
- Unusual experiences
- Cognitive disorganisations
- Introverted anhedonia
- Impulsive non-conformity
Validity of Schizotypy
Some of the cognitive patterns seen in those with schizophrenia are also seen to a lesser extent in non-clinical samples of individuals with higher trait schizotypy.
In Steel Steel, Hemsley & Jones (1996) study, what is negative priming?
In a stroop test, the previous word predicts the colour of the next. The prime negatively affects performance on the subsequent word.
The negative priming effect is a measure of _______ which is reduced in those with schizophrenia?
Cognitive inhibition
Main findings of Steel, Hemsley & Jones (1996)?
People with high trait Schizotypy showed a similar pattern to those with clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia, smaller negative priming effects.
Paunonen & Ashton (2001), compared the predictive power of big five traits and their facets in the context of academic achievement. What was the main finding?
For both traits conscientiousness and openness to experience, their facets were better predictors of final uni grade.
The Dark Triad
- Machiavellianism
- Psychopathy
- Narcissism
Christie & Geig (1970) developed the ____ which measures what 3 aspects?
- Mach IV scale
1. Tactics
2. Views
3. Morality
Christie & Geig (1970) conducted a study to validate the Mach IV scale, finding that?
People high in trait Machiavellianism were better at maintaining eye contact whilst lying.
Behaviours associated with Dark Triad traits….
- Preference for short-term relationships
- ‘Nighttime chronotype’
- Cruelty to animals
- Attractiveness to others
Correlations between the Dark Triad and Big Five traits
- Only real association is a negative one with Agreeableness
- Overall small associations with other traits suggesting overlap is low.
