Approaches Flashcards
1
Q
IAP?
A
Instrument Approach Procedure
2
Q
Instrument Approach Procedure?
A
- predetermined
- IFR flight
- orderly transfer of an aircraft
- From initial approach
- To a landing
or - where the landing can be made visually
3
Q
MAP?
A
Missed Approach Procedure
4
Q
Missed Approach Procedure?
A
Procedure if the approach can’t be continued.
5
Q
FAF?
A
Final Approach Fix
6
Q
Final Approach Fix?
A
- IFR
- fix from which the final approach is executed
- Identifies the beginning of the final approach segment.
7
Q
Primary NAVAID?
A
Provides lateral guidance for the final approach segment
8
Q
Non-precision Approach
A
approach procedure which provides ONLY lateral course guidance.
9
Q
PT?
A
Procedure Turn
10
Q
Procedure Turn
A
- Used when an aircraft needs to reverse direction
- to enter the intermediate approach segment
- or final approach course
11
Q
TAA
A
Terminal Arrival Area
12
Q
Terminal Arrival Area?
A
1. Controlled airspace 3 areas: 2. straight-in, 3. left base, 4. right base
13
Q
DA
A
Decision Altitude
14
Q
Decision Altitude
A
Altitude at which a decision must be made to either
- continue the approach
- or do a missed approach.
15
Q
MDA
A
Minimum Descent Altitude
16
Q
Minimum Descent Altitude
A
- non-precision approach
- lowest altitude to which descent is authorized
- on final approach
17
Q
What is a non-precision approach?
A
no electronic glideslope is provided
18
Q
RVR?
A
Runway Visual Range
19
Q
Runway Visual Range?
A
- instrumentally derived
- measurement
- horizontal visibility
- down the runway
- from the approach end
- in hundreds of feet.
20
Q
What publication contains the approaches?
A
U.S Terminal Procedures Publications
21
Q
What do approaches provide?
A
- IFR descent
- from en route
- to a point where a landing can be made
22
Q
What aids allow lower descents?
A
More accurate NAVAIDS
23
Q
Approaches provide guidance through ____ conditions to ____ conditions
A
- IFR
2. Visual
24
Q
Can approaches also be used during VFR conditions?
A
Yes
25
On what 2 things are approaches named
1. After the NAVAID they use
| 2. The primary Runway they serve.
26
What are the 4 approach segments?
1. Initial
2. Intermediate
3. Final
4. Missed
27
Initial Approach transitions aircraft from _______ to _______ phases
1. En route
| 2. Approach
28
What 2 possible things does the initial approach phase position the aircraft to navigate toward?
1. The FAF
| 2. Or primary NAVAID
29
What 5 things is the initial approach comprised of?
```
Radials
Headings
Vectors
Procedure turns
DME arcs
```
30
Where does the initial approach terminate
inbound approach course interception
31
What does the aircraft maneuver towards in the intermediate approach?
The primary NAVAID
32
What 2 possible things does the intermediate approach get the aircraft to?
1. Primary NAVAID
| 2. FAF
33
In the intermediate approach, an aircraft may be on the _____ approach course prior to the FAF.
Final
34
Where does the Final approach start?
The FAF
35
Where does the Final approach end?
at point where:
1. a safe landing is made or
2. a missed approach is executed
36
Where does the missed approach start?
When an aircraft cannot complete a safe landing
37
Why might a pilot be unable to make a safe landing?
Pilot unable to see the airport or runway
38
What must the pilot be able to see before descending below the DA/MDA?
1. runway environment
| 2. or approach lights
39
A missed approach allows for a ____ climb.
Safe
40
Where does a missed approach direct aircraft to?
A holding point
41
A missed approach is automatically authorized for any ___.
IAP
42
A missed approach is not automatically authorized for a ____ ______ _______
VFR practice approach
43
What are the 2 types of Instrument Approach systems?
Precision
| Non-Precision
44
What are the 2 types of precision instrument approaches?
1. ILS
| 2. PAR
45
ILS?
Instrument Landing System
46
What type of precision instrument approach is preferred in very poor weather?
ILS
47
May the ILS have a compass indicator?
Yes
48
Does an ILS contain a localizer?
yes
49
What type of guidance does a localizer provide?
Lateral course guidance
50
Does an ILS contain a glideslope?
Yes
51
What type of guidance does a glideslope provide?
Vertical course guidance
52
Does an ILS contain outer and middle markers?
Yes
53
What kind of guidance do outer and middle markers provide?
Range guidance
54
Can an ILS have an inner Marker?
Yes
55
What are the 4 components that make up all ILSs
Localizer
Glideslope
Outer Marker
Middle Marker
56
PAR?
Precision Approach RADAR
57
What instruments/NAVAIDs does a PAR use?
none
58
Where does the course guidance come from in a PAR?
The controller
59
How often does the controller provide course guidance in a PAR?
At least every 5 seconds
60
What organization primarily uses PAR?
The Military
61
Does a PAR system use charts?
No
62
Are altitudes published in a PAR?
Yes
63
Where are the altitudes published of a PAR?
The radar minimums section of the TPP.
64
RNAV?
Area Navigation
65
What does Area Navigation provide?
Vertical guidance/glide path
66
Is RNAV usually accurate enough to be classified as precision?
No
67
GPS?
Global Positioning System
68
GPS can provide ___ at airports without other ___s.
IAP
| IAP
69
Most GPS are __________ approaches, but may simply overlay an ________ approach
standalone
| existing
70
LOC?
Localizer
71
May be used for a _________ only approach.
Localizer
72
When may a localizer be used for a localizer only approach?
When an ILS is without a functioning glideslope
73
What type of navigation does a localizer provide?
Lateral
74
Can a Localizer provide vertical clearance?
No
75
How would multiple approaches using the same NAVAID to the same runway be differenetiated?
Letters from the end of the alphabet are added to the approach name,
76
Does a visual approach have a missed approach procedure?
No
77
Who is responsible for determining if approach weather minimums exist?
The pilot
78
Can ATC initiate a contact approach?
No
