NAVAIDs Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
NAVAID
A
Radio Navigational Aid
2
Q
Radio Navigational Aid
A
- Electronic
- Airborne or on Surface.
Provides - Guidance info
- Position data
3
Q
What is an airborne or surface electronic device that provides guidance info or position data to aircraft in flight?
A
Radio Navigational Aid
4
Q
GNSS
A
Global Navigational Satellite System
5
Q
Global Navigational Satellite System
A
Any satellite navigation system.
6
Q
Waypoint
A
- Predetermined
- geographical position
- used for navigation
7
Q
Precision approach
A
Approach procedure in which vertical guidance is provided
8
Q
DME
A
Distance Measuring Equipment
9
Q
What does Distance Measuring Equipment do?
A
Calculates slant range distance from aircraft to ground station
10
Q
What radar system does Distance Measuring Equipment operate like?
A
Secondary radar in reverse
Transponder on ground, interrogator in aircraft
11
Q
What navigation system operates similarly to secondary radar in reverse?
A
Distance Measuring Equipment
12
Q
How accurate is Distance Measuring Equipment?
A
- Under 200 NM
- within 1/2NM
- or 3% of distance
- (whichever is greater)
13
Q
Is Distance Measuring Equipment limited to line of sight?
A
Yes
14
Q
Where is Distance Measuring Equipment least accurate?
A
Over ground station at high altitude
15
Q
On what band does Distance Measuring Equipment transmit?
A
Ultra High Frequency (UHF)
16
Q
ILS
A
Instrument Landing System
17
Q
What are the 4 Instrument Landing System components?
A
- Localizer
- Marker Beacons
- Glideslope
- Approach Lights
18
Q
What is a Localizer?
A
- Radio transmitter
- provides horizontal guidance
- to a runway centerline
19
Q
What band does a localizer transmit on?
A
VHF
20
Q
What is the localizer’s reliable vertical signal range?
A
- 18 NM from antennae
2. 1000’ above highest terrain and 4500’ above antennae
21
Q
What is the localizer’s reliable lateral signal range Up to 18 NM from antenna?
A
10 NM from course
22
Q
What is the localizer’s reliable lateral signal range Up to 10 NM from antenna?
A
10-35 NM from course
23
Q
Where is the localizer located?
A
departure end of a runway
24
Q
What does the localizer transmit behind it?
A
a “back course”
25
How is a localizer identified?
I- followed with the Morse Code identifier
26
Is ILS usable if Localizer is out of service?
No
27
What do marker beacons identify?
points on an instrument approach
28
Are marker beacons used in all ILS's?
No
29
What aural signal does does an aircraft receive when passing over a marker beacon?
Morse Code
30
What visual signal does does an aircraft receive when passing over a marker beacon?
colored light
31
What is a glide scope?
1. proper path of descent for an aircraft
| 2. the radio beam that marks #1
32
What does the glide scope provide?
Vertical guidance to the runway
33
At about what distance does the glidescope provide vertical guidance to the runway?
about 1000’ from approach end on the localizer’s front course
34
What band does the glidescope transmit on?
UHF
35
What is the typical glidescope descent angle?
3 degrees
36
About how many feet out is the outer marker of the glidescope intercepted by the aircraft?
1,400'
37
About how many feet out is the middle marker of the glidescope intercepted by the aircraft?
200'
38
What is the reliable range of most glidescopes?
10 NM (some exceed this)
39
What do approach lights provde?
Visual references for the pilot
40
What is an Inertial Navigation System?
Navigational device on board an aircraft
41
Does an Inertial Navigation System need outside input from devices outside the aircraft?
No
42
What tools does an Inertial Navigation System use?
Gyros
accelerometers
navigation computer
43
Does the accuracy of an Inertial Navigation System degrade over time?
yes
44
When is an Inertial Navigation System aligned?
A point prior to departure
45
At what rate does the accuracy of an Inertial Navigation System degrade?
1-2 NM / hr
46
GPS
Global Positioning System
47
Is the GPS satellite based?
Yes
48
What is the lowest number of GPS satellites observable from any point on earth?
5
49
What information does GPS transmit?
Position
| Time
50
What is the minimum number of GPS satellites needed for 2-D accuracy?
3
51
What is the minimum number of GPS satellites needed for 3-D accuracy?
4
52
What type of information can GPS transmit with 3-D accuracy?
Altitude
53
What is the percent probability that GPS can get the horizontal position of a target within 100m or less?
95%
54
What is the percent probability that GPS can get the horizontal position of a target within 300m or less?
99.9%
55
Is GPS affected by weather?
No
56
What systems aid/enhance GPS accuracy/reliability?
GBAS
RAIM
WAAS
57
RAIM?
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring
58
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring?
on aircraft
| verifies satellite data integrity
59
WAAS?
Wide Area Augmentation System
60
Wide Area Augmentation System?
ground based
| allows GPS navigation for arrival/departure
61
What type of guidance (vertical or horizontal) does WAAS allow?
Vertical (like a glide slope)
62
NDB?
Nondirectional Radio Beacon
63
What is the least accurate NAVAID?
NDB
64
Non-directional Radio Beacon?
1. a radio transmitter at a known location
| 2. used as an aviation or marine navigational aid.
65
How does a Non-directional Radio Beacon help naviagation?
1. Transmits a radio signal
2. Pilot hones in on the signal
3. Aircraft equipment points in the direction of the signal
4. Can be used to transmit voice
66
What can interfere with a Non-directional Radio Beacon signal?
1. Weather
| 2. Other NDBs at night
67
What is an NDB referred to as when used in conjunction with an ILS?
compass locator
68
TACAN?
Tactical Air Navigation
69
What organization uses Tactical Air Navigation?
Military
70
Is TACAN more accurate than VOR?
Yes
71
Can TACAN penetrate solid objects?
No
72
On what band does TACAN transmit?
UHF
73
What information does TACAN provide pilots?
1. Bearing
| 2. Distance
74
How many degrees around the system does TACAN transmit to pilots?
360
75
Does TACAN have the same classifications/range as VORs?
Yes
76
Does TACAN use channels or frequencies to transmit?
Channels
77
VOR?
Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range
78
Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range?
1. short-range radio nav system
| 2. aircraft with a receiving unit can determine its position and stay on course
79
What is the primary NAVAID in the NAS?
VOR
80
Can VOR penetrate solid objects?
No
81
In what direction is Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range oriented?
magnetic north
82
In what direction around the transmitter can VOR transmit?
360 degrees
83
What is Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Ranges transmission accuracy?
1 degree normally
84
What does VOR Transmit?
1. Morse Code identifier
| 2. voice identification
85
Can Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range transmit voice communications?
Yes
86
What are the 3 classes of VOR?
```
Terminal (T)
Low Altitude (L)
High Altitude (H)
```
87
Where is Terminal VOR used?
in navigation around a terminal area
88
Up to what altitude can Terminal VOR transmit?
12,000'
89
Up to what distance can Terminal VOR transmit?
25 NM
90
How is Low Altitude (L) VOR normally used?
to navigate airways
91
Up to what altitude can Low Altitude (L) VOR transmit?
FL180
92
Up to what distance can Low Altitude (L) VOR transmit?
40 NM
93
What is High Altitude (H) VOR used for?
to navigate all ATS routes
94
What is High Altitude (H) VORs range Below 14,500’?
40 NM
95
What is High Altitude (H) VORs altitude limit to which it can transmit to a distance of 40 NM?
14,500’
96
What is High Altitude (H) VORs range from 14,500’ - 17,999’?
100 NM
97
What are High Altitude (H) VORs 2 altitude ranges to which it can transmit to a distance of 100 NM?
1. 14,500’ - 17,999’
| 2. Above FL450
98
What is High Altitude (H) VORs range from FL180 - FL450?
130 NM
99
What is High Altitude (H) VORs altitude range to which it can transmit to a distance of 130 NM?
FL180 - FL450
100
What is High Altitude (H) VORs range Above FL450?
100 NM
101
VORTAC?
VHF Omni-Directional Range/Tactical Air Navigation
102
VHF Omni-Directional Range/Tactical Air Navigation?
VOR and TACAN combined.
103
What does VHF Omni-Directional Range/Tactical Air Navigation (VORTAC) transmit?
Morse Code identifier for VOR and TACAN
104
Do VOR frequencies and TACAN channels have standard pairings?
yes
105
RNAV?
Area navigation
106
Area navigation?
1. Method of IFR
| 2. aircraft choose any course within a network of navigation beacons
107
FMS?
flight management system
108
What does FMS allow?
pre-programming routes
109
How is the flight management system updated?
constantly via aircraft navigation systems
110
How are Area navigation routes constructed?
series of waypoints
111
Can published RNAV routes be flight planned?
Yes
112
Are random Area navigation routes direct and point-to-point?
Yes
113
Do random RNAV routes require ATC radar monitoring?
Yes
114
What are the 4 advantages of Area navigation?
1. Pilots fly preferred routes
2. Less time/fuel used
3. Can reduce ATCs need to vector
4. Provides instrument approaches
115
ATS?
Air Traffic Service
116
Air Traffic Service?
service which regulates and assists aircraft in real-time to ensure their safe operations.
117
What are the 3 types of ATS routes?
Air navigation
Colored Federal airways
Other named routes
118
What are the 3 types of Air navigation routes?
VOR airways
RNAV routes
Jet routes
119
What class airspace do VOR Airways serve?
Class E
120
What class airspace do Jet Routes serve?
Class A
121
What flights levels do Jet Routes serve?
FL180 - FL450
122
What class airspace do RNAV Routes serve?
Class A & E
123
What flights levels do High altitude RNAV Routes serve?
FL180 - FL450
124
What flights levels do low altitude RNAV Routes serve?
Below FL180
