Basic Navigation

Question 1

Statute mile (SM) in feet

Answer 1

5280’

Question 2

5280’

Answer 2

Statute mile (SM)

Question 3

1 SM = __ NM

Answer 3

.87 NM

Question 4

2 types of navigational reference lines?

Answer 4

Parallels

Meridians

Question 5

Which direction do parallels run?

Answer 5

East/west (latitude)

Question 6

What reference lines run east/west?

Answer 6

Parallels

Question 7

Where is the only great circle Parallel?

Answer 7

Equator: 0 degrees latitude

Question 8

What is the range of Parallels in degrees?

Answer 8

90 degrees north to 90 degrees south

Question 9

Which direction do Meridians run?

Answer 9

North/south (longitude)

Question 10

What reference lines run North/south?

Answer 10

Meridians

Question 11

What meridian is at 0 degrees longitude?

Answer 11

Prime meridian

Question 12

Where is the Prime meridian?

Answer 12

0 degrees longitude

Question 13

Which (latitude or longitude) lines make up 1/2 of a great circle?

Answer 13

All longitude lines make up 1/2 of a great circle

Question 14

Are all longitude lines 1/2 of a great circle?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

What is the range of meridians in degrees?

Answer 15

0° to 180° East/West

Question 16

How are parallels/meridians measured?

Answer 16

Degrees
Minutes
Seconds
EX: (35°20’15”)

Question 17

Where does the compass direction go in the parallel/meridian measurement?

Answer 17

The end

EX (35°20’15” N)

Question 18

What fraction are minutes and seconds to their parent unit (degrees are the parent unit of minutes)?

Answer 18

1/60th

I.E., 60 minutes make one degrees and 60 seconds make a minute.

Question 19

At the equator, how many NMs does 1’ of longitude equal?

Answer 19

1 NM

Question 20

Are SMs used for visibility?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What measurement of distance is used to measure visibility?

Answer 21

SM

Question 22

What measurement of distance is used for everything except visibility?

Answer 22

NM

Question 23

What is UTC?

Answer 23

Coordinated Universal Time

Question 24

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)?

Answer 24

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), Zulu (Z)

24-hour clock

Question 25

How many degrees longitude are time zones?

Answer 25

15 degrees

Question 26

What does a "knot" measure?

Answer 26

Speed

Question 27

How many NMs per hour is 1 KT?

Answer 27

1 NM per hour

Question 28

What are the 4 types of airspeed?

Answer 28

Indicated (IAS) True (TAS) Ground (GS) Mach

Question 29

What is Indicated (IAS) used for?

Answer 29

ATC communications

Question 30

What type airspeed is used for ATC communications?

Answer 30

Indicated (IAS)

Question 31

What airspeed is shown on the aircraft's airspeed indicator?

Answer 31

Indicated (IAS)

Question 32

Where is Indicated (IAS) shown?

Answer 32

the aircraft's airspeed indicator

Question 33

What does True airspeed not take into account?

Answer 33

The wind

Question 34

What is true airspeed used for?

Answer 34

Flight planning | En route

Question 35

What is ground speed (GS)?

Answer 35

Speed of the aircraft over the ground.

Question 36

How is ground speed calculated?

Answer 36

True speed +/- wind effects.

Question 37

What type speed is calculated with True speed +/- wind effects?

Answer 37

ground speed (GS)

Question 38

What ratio is mach?

Answer 38

True airspeed : speed of sound

Question 39

How is mach expressed?

Answer 39

In decimals | EX mach 0.9

Question 40

What are the 3 main environmental effects?

Answer 40

Altitude Temperature Wind

Question 41

How does altitude affect speed measurements?

Answer 41

Air density affects aircraft speed. | Higher altitude will show IAS lower than actual GS

Question 42

How does temperature affect speed measurements?

Answer 42

Higher air temperature lowers air density | Same effects as altitude, but less pronounced

Question 43

How does wind affect speed measurements?

Answer 43

Head/Tail winds add or reduce an aircraft’s ground speed | Crosswinds affect speed and course

Question 44

How do Head/Tail winds affect speed measurements?

Answer 44

True airspeed +/- wind speed = GS Add tailwind Subtract headwind

Question 45

How do Crosswinds affect speed measurements?

Answer 45

Cause aircraft to drift. | EX: 10KT wind over one hour will blow the aircraft 10NM off course

Question 46

What are the 5 types of navigation?

Answer 46

``` Waypoints charted by Lat/Long or bearing/distance from a NAVAID Radio Navigation Dead reckoning RNAV GPS ```

Question 47

How does Dead Reckoning work?

Answer 47

predetermined course Corrects speed and headings Accounts for wind Can include ground references in VMC

Question 48

How does Radio Navigation work?

Answer 48

Ground based radios transmit nav aids to aircraft

Question 49

How does RNAV work?

Answer 49

Computed waypoints

Question 50

Where are Waypoints charted by Lat/Long or bearing/distance from a NAVAID approved?

Answer 50

Only where there's ATC radar monitoring

Question 51

Is GPS affected by weather?

Answer 51

No

Question 52

What is magnetic variance?

Answer 52

The difference between true and magnetic north

Question 53

What is true north?

Answer 53

the geographic north pole

Question 54

Does magnetic north move?

Answer 54

Yes

Question 55

Does ATC use magnetic headings?

Answer 55

yes