Approaches in Psychology Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the approaches in Psychology
- Psychodynamic
- Behaviourist
- Humanistic
- Cognitive
What is Schema?
It is a framework that your mind operates in to organise and store information based on past experiences
Pros of schema
- Allows for quick processing of large amounts information
- Helps predict what will happen in our word based on past experiences
Cons of Schema
- Schema can result in biased recall
- Faulty schema may have negative impact on mental health
Inference meaning
going beyond the immediate evidence to make assumptions about mental processes that cannot be observed
Use of statistical deviation
Useful to inform spread of scores
Cons of testing for cognitive studies like memory
Direct observation of memory is not possible and results needs to be inferred and that inference could be wrong
Who created the Psychodynamic approach in Psychology?
Freud
What is the id?
The part of us that seeks instant gratification. It is present from birth
What is the ego?
The part of us tasked with calming down the id meanwhile balancing the demands of the superego. It is governed by the reality principle.
What is the superego?
It is the part of our personality concerned with morality (right and wrong). Develops during the phallic stage
What is the aim of bandura’s experiment?
To see if kids would imitate the behaviour of adults they had just observed
What was the procedure of Bandura’s experiment?
Bandura recorded the behaviour of 72 kids (3 groups of 24). One group was shown aggressive behaviour towards a bobo doll, another group were shown non-aggressive behaviour towards the bobo doll. Meanwhile the last group were shown nothing at all as a (control group)
What were the results of Bandura’s experiment?
When presented with the same bobo doll:
- The 24 kids shown aggressive behaviour were more imitative than those in the non-aggressive or control groups.
- There was partial and non-imitative aggression amongst the children who observed aggressive behaviour.
Indirect learning
When an individual observes a behaviour and based on consequences and rewards seen through the behaviour the learner may imitate
Vicarious reinforcement
The learner observes a behaviour and its consequences
What are the 4 mediational (cognitive) processes?
- Attention
- Retention
- Motor Reproduction
- Motivation
What is attention?
The extent to which we notice the behaviour
Definition of retention?
How well the behaviour is retained
Definition of motor reproduction?
The physical ability to reproduce the behaviour observed
Definition of Motivation?
The will to commit a behaviour (heavily based on the rewards or punishments of the behaviour)
Definition of Identification?
When people are more likely to imitate the behaviour of people they can identify with (role models)
Definition of modelling?
The act of imitating the behaviour of someone you can identify with
