Memory

Question 1

How long does STM last for?

Answer 1

18 to 30 seconds

Question 2

How long does LTM last for?

Answer 2

Can last forever

Question 3

What is MTM?

Answer 3

Multi Store Memory

Question 4

What are the Stations of MTM?

Answer 4

Sensory Input
Short Term Memory
Long Term Memory

Question 5

How long do things remain in the Sensory input of the MTM before they are forgotten (unless they have meaning)

Answer 5

200 ms to 500 ms

Question 6

How are things encoded in your short term memory

Answer 6

Acoustically

Question 7

How are things encoded in your long term memory

Answer 7

Semantically (something with meaning)

Question 8

Miller Magic number

Answer 8

7 +/- 2

Question 9

What does miller’s magic number represent

Answer 9

It represents the amount of items a person can hold in their memory at once with it being on average 7 but possibly 9 or 5

Question 10

Studies for short term memory

Answer 10

• Peterson & Peterson
• Baddeley

Question 11

Studies for Long term memory

Answer 11

• Bahrick High school yearbooks
• Baddeley

Question 12

Who came up with the Multi store model of memory

Answer 12

Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)

Question 13

How is the sensory input triggered?

Answer 13

Through
- Taste
- Touch
- Smell
- Sight
- Hearing

Question 14

What was the aim of Baddeley studies?

Answer 14

To prove the STM is remembered acoustically and LTM is remembered semantically

Question 15

3 types of Long Term Memory

Answer 15

• Episodic Memory
• Semantic Memory
• Procedural Memory

Question 16

What is Episodic Memory?

Answer 16

Memory of personal events

Question 17

What is Semantic Memory?

Answer 17

Memory of knowledge of the world

Question 18

What is Procedural Memory?

Answer 18

Memory of how to do things

Question 19

What are the 4 techniques of the cognitive interview by the interviewer?

Answer 19

• Bringing back the context of the crime scene
• Ask the interviewee to recall every detail of the crime
• Recall the incident from someone else’s perspective
• Reverse at which the events are recalled

Question 20

Strengths of cognitive interviews?

Answer 20

• Does not need much training to conduct
• It improves the interviewee’s memory

Question 21

Weaknesses of cognitive interview?

Answer 21

• Increases the amount recalled but decreases accuracy
• Results are dependant on the skills of the interviewer and interviewee
• Improves recall of events but not recognition so identifying a culprit would still be hard

Question 22

What is Memory Contamination?

Answer 22

It is when new memories replace reformed memories when receiving false information from a trusted source

Question 23

What is PORN?

Answer 23

• Proactive
• Old memory gets in the way so can’t remember new stuff
• Retroactive
• New memory gets in the way of
  remembering the old stuff

Question 24

What does the multi store memory model consist of?

Answer 24

• Sensory Register
• Short Term Memory
• Long Term Memory

Question 25

What are the strengths of our multi store memory?

Answer 25

Can remember artificial materials

Question 26

What are the weaknesses of our multi store memory?

Answer 26

More than one short term memory store (sensory register and short term memory)

Question 27

Who made the working memory model?

Answer 27

Baddeley & Hitch

Question 28

What are the components of the working memory model?

Answer 28

- Central Executive - Phonological Loop - Visuo-spatial Sketchpad - Episodic Buffer - Long Term memory

Question 29

What study proved the separate existence of the Phonological Loop and the Visuo-spatial Sketchpad?

Answer 29

The dual task performance study shows that the VSS and PL are 2 different processes

Question 30

What is the Multi Store Model of Memory

Answer 30

A theoretical cognitive model by Atkinson and Shiffrin which shows how memory processes information

Question 31

What are the stores in the Multi Store model?

Answer 31

- Sensory Register: receives raw sensory information (sound, sight, touch, smell and taste) lasts up to 250ms and has large capacity - Short Term Memory (STM): Up to 18 seconds, capacity 7 ± 2 items (Miller's Magic Number) - Long Term Memory (LTM): Very Long Duration, Potentially limitless capacity Information is coded semantically

Question 32

Types of Long Term Memory

Answer 32

- Episodic Memory: personal experiences and events, timestamped and influenced by emotion - Semantic Memory: Facts and knowledge, not timestamped, and lasts longer than episodic memory - Procedural Memory: Skills and tasks learned and often unconsciously recalled

Question 33

What is the theory that explains forgetting

Answer 33

It is the interference theory by (Muller and Pilzecker) which states that forgetting occurs due to confusion from similar information

Question 34

What are the 2 types of memory interferences?

Answer 34

- Proactive Interference: Old information disrupts new - Retroactive Interference; New Information disrupts old

Question 35

What is retrieval failure?

Answer 35

Information is in LTM but cannot be accessed without memory cues

Question 36

What is a memory cue?

Answer 36

Anything which triggers a certain memory in the LTM