APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY - Humanistic Approach

Question 1

Key assumptions of humanistic approach

Answer 1

Everyone is unique so you should focus on subjective experiences feelings etc IDEOGRAPHIC approach

Everyone has FREE WILL and so can choose what they do and what kind of person they want to be

Look at humans from a holistic perspective and not reduced to components etc

Humanes are subjective so can test scientifically

Question 2

What is self actualisation

Answer 2

When people attempt to achieve their full potential and become the best they possibly can be and it is the highest level of MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Question 3

What is needed to become self actualised

Answer 3

Personal growth like changing to become fulfilled satisfied

Question 4

What did Roger’s and Maslow say about self actualisation

Answer 4

Thag its unique to everyone and that not everyone will manage to achieve it as there can be physical or psychological barriers that prevent it

Question 5

What did Roger’s say a person needs to be in order to be self actualised

Answer 5

Fully functioning - overcome any Barriers

Question 6

What are the 5 characteristics ROGER said a fully functioning person would have

Answer 6

1. Open to experience
2. Lives existentially
3. Trusts feelings
4. Creative
5. Has fulfilled life

Question 7

What’s the order in MASLOWS hierarchy of needs

Answer 7

1.Self actualisation

2.Esteem needs- feeling of accomplishment

3.belongingness love needs - friends intimate relationships etc

4. Safety , needs
5. Psychological needs - food water warmth rest

Question 8

What does MASLOWS hierarchy of needs suggest

Answer 8

That one must achieve all other deficiency needs in order to be self actualised

Question 9

What does “SELF” include

Answer 9

Personal experiences and sense of being

Question 10

What does Roger’s say about reaching self actualisation through self?

Answer 10

We have 3 selves that we need to integrate to achieve self actualisation

Question 11

What are the 3 selves

Answer 11

Self concept - person u perceive ur self to be

Ideal self - person u wish to be

Real self - who u actually are

Question 12

Roger’s theory of congruence

Answer 12

Roger’s said that to achieve self actualisation a person needs to be congruent

Question 13

What does congruent mean

Answer 13

Ideal self real self and self concept are the same or similar

Question 14

How does one achieve congruence

Answer 14

Close gap between 3 selves and this can be done by having a more realistic ideal self

Question 15

Incongruence and congruence

Answer 15

Question 16

Roger’s theory of conditions of worth
(Unconditional positive regard )

Answer 16

Unconditional positive regard - Roger assumed everyone needs this from mother family members frienfs or even therapist

Feelings of worthlessness and low self esteem is explained by lack of unconditional positive regard and conditions of worth put on us by parents

Question 17

What is conditional positive regard

Answer 17

A parent who sets boundaries or limits love for child
(Requirements to be loved )

Question 18

Someone with conditions of worth is ____ likely to achieve self actualisation

Answer 18

Less

Question 19

Someone who has unconditional positive regard is ____ likely to achieve self actualisation

Answer 19

More

Question 20

Give example of conditions of worth

Answer 20

Child feels he needs high grades to get parents acceptance and love

Question 21

Roger’s created person-centred therapy what does it do and how does it work

Answer 21

Helps incongruent individuals to achieve congruence

It’s a non directive therapy as client finds own solutions in a supportive non judgmental environment

Roger’s helped them get congruent by treating them with unconditional positive regard and empathy to restore the lack they experienced in infancy

Question 22

Give 2 strengths of HUMANISTIC APPROACH

Answer 22

1. Significant contribution to psychology
   People are active agents who can change and determine own development , concepts like self actualisation were widely accepted and also MASLOWS hierarchy of needs as well
2. Successful treatment
   Client- centred therapy introduced by Roger and is still widely used , treated anxiety

Question 23

Give 2 Limitations of HUAMNISTIC APPROACH

Answer 23

1. Rejecting scientific approach - there is little objective evidence to support assumptions so lacks scientific rigour
   However humanistic psychologists don’t try to be objective as they think being subjective is more ecological valid
2. Exaggeration of significance of free will
   - all approaches seem to disregard free will as a main factor and this is seen as a limitation from a deterministic perspective

Question 24

Humanistic approach vs scientific approach

Answer 24