April Flashcards
Proteins and lipids
What are the functional groups of amino acids?
- amino group (NH2)
- carboxyl group
- R-group
How many types of amino acids does the human body use?
20
How many amino acids that the body uses can it not synthesise (on insufficient quantities) ?
9
Why are animal proteins complete proteins?
They contain all nine of the essential amino acids
What are the essential amino acids?
PVT TIM HiLL
Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine
Is histidine an essential amino acid?
In infants yes
In adults, intestinal bacteria can produce it and it can be released from muscles. but not in large enough quantities
Give an example of a protein used for movement
actin/myosin
Give an example of a protein used for storage
ferritin
Give an example of a protein used as a carrier molecule
Haemoglobin
Which amino acid forms the basis of thyroid hormones?
Tyrosine
Which amino acid forms the basis for epinephrine/norepinephrine and dopamine?
Tyrosine
Which amino acid forms the basis for serotonin and melatonin?
Tryptophan
Name 5 protein-based hormones
thyroid, insulin, glucagon, PTH, calcitonin
Name 8 functions of proteins
enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, water balance (albumin), structure, transport, storage, buffers
What are the functions of albumin?
to bind to calcium, zinc and B6 (plus steroids and fatty acids) to transport around the body. It helps maintain water osmolarity
