November Flashcards
(140 cards)
How many times should you chew food?
20 times
Which antibodies are found in saliva?
IgA
What can lower the pH of the mouth?
refined sugars, meat, dairy, processed foods, gum, cigarettes, alcohol, coffee, stress
What causes the release of gastrin?
the stretching of the stomach and stimulation of enteric nerves
What does gastrin do?
stimulates peristalsis and release of HCl and digestive enzymes (lipase and pepsinogen) it also stimulates the release of bile
What enzymes are released in the stomach?
lipase and pepsinogen
Which cells release enzymes into the stomach?
Chief cells
What is the inactive form of pepsin?
Pepsinogen (converted by HCl)
What gets absorbed in the stomach?
alcohol, water, iodine and fluoride
What nutrients are needed to produce HCl?
Zinc, vitamin B6
What are some good sources of zinc?
pumpkin seeds, nuts, eggs, oysters, fish and meat
What are some good sources of B6?
sunflower seeds, whole grains, walnuts, green veg, avocado, potatoes, carrots and fish
What causes the release of CCK from I cells in duodenum?
presence of fat and protein in the stomach
What does CCK do?
Causes release of enzymes from the gallbladder and pancreas and delays gastric emptying
What are some causes of low HCl?
chronic stress (raised sympathetic activity), low B6 and zinc, autoimmune gastritis, PPIs, H.Pylori infection, ageing
What can a central line down the tongue indicate?
poor gastric function
What issues can occur due to low stomach acid?
protein putrefaction creates polyamines
undigested food can cause SIBO
Reduced gastric activity reduces intrinsic factor compromising B12 absorption
What are the symptoms of low stomach acid?
bloating, belching and flatulence
abdominal pain and fullness after eating
How can you naturally increase stomach acid?
Apple cider vinegar with water before meals
bitter herbs and foods
zinc and B6 rich foods
fermented vegetables
Which herbs are bitter?
Gentian, barberry bark, rocket, dandelion, goldenseal, chicory, artichoke
What causes CCK release?
The presence of acidic chyme in the duodenum
What is the pH of the duodenum?
6.5
Where does the majority of absorption take place?
In the small intestine - jejunum
In which part of the digestive tract is vitamin B12 absorbed?
The ileum