aquatic biotechnology

Question 1

involves the application of science and engineering for the direct or indirect use of aquatic organisms or parts or products of living aquatic organisms in their natural or modified forms.

Answer 1

Aquatic biotechnology

Question 2

cultivation of aquatic animals and aquatic plants for recreational or commercial purposes.

Answer 2

Aquaculture

Question 3

________ is one of the youngest biotechnology approaches. The ____ ecosystem has rich biodiversity, and the organism themselves contain vital ________ compounds with a wide array of uses
in medicine, environment, and other industries.

Answer 3

Marine biotechnology, marine, biochemical

Question 4

Aquaculture practices are used world-wide in three types of environment

Answer 4

1.Freshwater
2. Brackish water
3. Marine

Question 5

Various aquatic organisms use in aquaculture

Answer 5

fish
seaweeds & macrophytes
mollusks
crustaceans
Other minor invertebrates, such as echinoderms, coelenterates, seahorses

Question 6

process of production and consumption of aquaculture production (5)

Answer 6

production
harvesting
processing
marketing
utilization

Question 7

types of aquaculture (intensity)

Answer 7

intensive
semi-intensive
extensive

Question 8

fed with complete diets at high density

Answer 8

intensive aquaculture

Question 9

fertilized pond and sometimes supplementary feed at low density

Answer 9

semi-intensive

Question 10

some management but fish mainly fed by natural productivity

Answer 10

extensive

Question 11

types of aquaculture (culture species)

Answer 11

fish (marine, brackish, freshwater)
molluscs (oysters, mussles, clams)
crustaceans (shrimp, crayfishes)
plants (seaweeds)

Question 12

types of aquaculture

Answer 12

based on location
based on culture intensity
based on culture species

Question 13

Components of aquatic biotechnology

Answer 13

Aquaculture biotechnology
Aquatic bioprocessing
Aquatic bioremediation

Question 14

(e.g., Fish health and broodstock optimization);

Answer 14

Aquaculture biotechnology

Question 15

(e.g., Obtaining valuable compounds from marine organisms);

Answer 15

Aquatic bioprocessing

Question 16

(e.g., Use of microorganisms to degrade toxic chemicals in the aquatic environment).

Answer 16

Aquatic bioremediation

Question 17

categories of aquaculture (2)

Answer 17

fed
unfed

Question 18

-all nutrients added are not fully utilized by fishes
-excess nutrients are released into the environment
-criticized as net resource losers

Answer 18

fed aquaculture

Question 19

-no artificial feeding

Answer 19

non-fed aquaculture

Question 20

Raising more than one species in same
environment.

Answer 20

polyculture

Question 21

____ fish are ones that receive genetic coding
from another sources.
Commonly created by injecting the ________ into the
embryo in ____ stage of development.

Answer 21

Transgenic, transgene,blastocyst

Question 22

____ fish contain three sets of genetic information.
They are commonly created when ____ gametes are
fertilized by ____ gametes.

Answer 22

Triploid, diploid, haploid

Question 23

reproductive biotechnology techniques (4)

Answer 23

• broodstock maturation control
• gamete cryopreservation
• chromosome set manipulation
• controlled sex differentiation

Question 24

advanced/delayed/synchronized spawning

Answer 24

broodstock maturation control

Question 25

transport of gametes, directed gene flow, gene banking

Answer 25

gamete cryopreservation

Question 26

induced sterility, gyno/androgenesis

Answer 26

chromosome set manipulation

Question 27

gender control, single sex

Answer 27

controlled sex differentiation

Question 28

genetic conditon where 3 sets of chromosomes are present

Answer 28

triploidy

Question 29

triploid oysters are ____, thus they maintain quality all-year round

Answer 29

sterile

Question 30

chemical that induces triploid oyster

Answer 30

cytochalasin B

Question 31

how does cytochalasin work

Answer 31

by disrupting 2nd meiosis

Question 32

role of biotech in aquaculture

Answer 32

reproduction nutrition growth health

Question 33

a group of hormones that stimulate reproduction, were produced in small amounts by extraction and purification

Answer 33

fish gonadotropin

Question 34

Some species are male in the early stages of their life cycle, and turn female on the later stages

Answer 34

protandrous hermaphrodite

Question 35

Some species are female in the early stages of their life cycle, and turn male on the later stages

Answer 35

protogynous hermaphrodite

Question 36

Through ____, sex of the species can be regulated as it reaches maturity.

Answer 36

genetic engineering

Question 37

what role of biotech is being considered in this? what genes were genetically transferred in salmonid fishes to improve carbohydrate metabolism ?

Answer 37

nutrition glucose transporter and hexokinase genes

Question 38

traditional disease diagnosis involves analysis of what?

Answer 38

cells and tissues of organisms

Question 39

enables accurate identification of pathogens in marine organisms even without visual symptoms of the disease.

Answer 39

PCR

Question 40

growth promotion through transgenic research on commercially imporant fishes is achieved through?

Answer 40

transfering growth hormones

Question 41

hastens the breakdown of toxic organotin compounds in seawater.

Answer 41

pyoverdin

Question 42

pyoverdin is produced by what?

Answer 42

Immobilized cells of bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis

Question 43

Other studies have also shown that some marine organisms produce eco-friendly chemicals like ________ and ________ which can be used in environmental waste management and treatment.

Answer 43

biopolymers and biosurfactants

Question 44

____ from ____ is one of the economically viable ways to reduce fossil fuel consumption.

Answer 44

biofuels, microalgae

Question 45

considered better sources of biofuels than higher plants because of their high oil content; ease of propagation.

Answer 45

microalgae

Question 46

________ after oil extraction can be used as feed or fertilizer or ________ to produce ethanol or methane;

Answer 46

Residual biomass, fermented

Question 47

Microalgae with superior biomass productivity and lipid content include:

Answer 47

Chlorella, Tetraselmis, Chaetoceros, Isochrysis, Skeletonema, and Nannochloropsis.

Question 48

Aquaculture contain high level of __________ (PCBs) which can cause cancer.

Answer 48

polychlorinated biphenyls