dna fingerprinting

Question 1

the hereditary material presents in all the cells of the body.

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

VNTR stands for?

Answer 2

variable nuumber of tandem repeats

Question 3

-a complex molecule that
contains all the information necessary to build and maintain an
organism
-It is the hereditary material.

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

The human genome
size is about ____ megabases (Mb)

Answer 4

3,107

Question 5

percentage and number of human genome that encodes for proteins

Answer 5

1.2 percent around 20,000

Question 6

repeated sequences of 9 to 100 base pairs (bp), that play a
key role in the elaboration of DNA fingerprinting.

Answer 6

VNTR

Question 7

specific sequences where restriction enzymes cleave the DNA.

Answer 7

restriction fragment length polymorphisms
(RFLPs)

Question 8

In 1980, ____ and____ laid the foundations for the
concept based on the observation of a polymorphic DNA
locus characterized by a number of variable-length restriction fragments called ____

Answer 8

Wyman and White, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs),

Question 9

Who wrote the “Hypervariable Minisatellite Regions In Human
DNA”

Answer 9

Alec Jeffreys

Question 10

Jeffreys and his coworkers were analyzing the human ____ gene when they discovered a region consisting of a __-base-pair sequence repeated ___ times.

Answer 10

myoglobin, 33, four

Question 11

This tandem repeat was referred to as a ___ and
similar regions as ___ because the number of tandem repeats is variable both within a locus and between loci.

Answer 11

minisatellite, hypervariable

Question 12

Who coined the term VNTR

Answer 12

Nakamura

Question 13

First application of DNA fingerprinting

Answer 13

1985, parentage testing (maternity test)

Question 14

the technology which is used to identify individuals on the basis of the molecular characteristics of the DNA7.

Answer 14

DNA Fingerprinting

Question 15

this method uses VNTR because the number of bases and repeats within a locus is unique to each individual.

Answer 15

DNA fingerprinting

Question 16

Steps in DNA fingerprinting

Answer 16

1. DNA extraction
2. DNA fragmentation using restriction endonucleases
3. DNA separation thru gel electrophoresis
4. Southern Blotting and Probing
5. Washing of nylon membrane to remove extra probes
6. Analysis using x-ray film (autoradiography)
7. Observation thru dark bands appearance

Question 17

Applications of DNA fingerprinting (4)

Answer 17

• foresic investigations
• botany
• zoology
• parantage testing`
  anthropological genetics

Question 18

Early markers that were used in during the rise of DNA fingerprinting

Answer 18

minisatellites/oligonucleotide stretches or multi-locus probes (MLP)

Question 19

range of VNTR detected by MLPs

Answer 19

15 to 20 from 3.5 to 20 kb

Question 20

recognized single hypervariable locus, using high stringency
hybridization and just 10 ng of DNA8.

Answer 20

Single locus probe (SLP)

Question 21

An X-ray film is exposed to the nylon membrane to mark the places where the radioactive DNA probes have bound to the DNA fragments. These places are marked as dark bands when X-ray film is developed.

Answer 21

autoradioraphy

Question 22

_______ is used for protection of biodiversity, identifying markers for traits, identification of gene diversity and variation12.

Answer 22

DNA profiling

Question 23

title of the book written by Alec Jeffreys

Answer 23

Hypervariable Minisatellite Regions in Human DNA

Question 25

____ help to study fundamental evolutionary influences of natural selection, mutation, gene flow and genetic drift on wild plant populations and identify groups are characterized by highly variable ploidy levels, often even within the same species.

Answer 25

DNA markers

Question 26

The main markers used by anthropological genetics

Answer 26

- VNTRs -Single Locus Probes (SLPs) -Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) -mitochondrial DNA haplo groups -Y- specific non-recombining region (NRY) haplotypes -single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Question 27

DNA fingerprinting technique uses several types of markers (Botany)

Answer 27

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)/Arbitrary Primed PCR, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR), Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).