plant biotech

Question 1

A range of tools, including traditional breeding
techniques, that alter living organisms, or parts
of organisms, to make or modify products;

Answer 1

agricultural biotechnology

Question 2

improve plants or animals; or develop microorganisms for specific agricultural uses.

Answer 2

agricultural biotechnology

Question 3

traditional modification methods (2)

Answer 3

selective breeding and cross breeding

Question 4

done to plants and animals to
achieve more desirable traits

Answer 4

traditional modification methods

Question 5

a laboratory technique targeting specific genes of interest and inserting only that gene into the resulting genetically
engineered organism.

Answer 5

genetic engineering

Question 6

how long has been traditional methods of modifying plants have been around?

Answer 6

nearly 10,000 years

Question 7

________ is a new method that gives scientists more precise and targeted ways to develop new crop varieties.

Answer 7

Genome editing

Question 8

________ can make it easier and quicker to make changes that were previously done through traditional breeding.

Answer 8

Genome editing tools

Question 9

● Process of modifying the
characteristics of living things in
order to enhance one or more
desirable traits by the selection in
breeding, controlled by humans.

● Does not introduce foreign DNA into
the genome

Answer 9

Traditional Plant Breeding

Question 10

● Relatively new laboratory
techniques

● Introduces foreign DNA into
the genome

Answer 10

Genetic Engineering

Question 11

A plant, animal, or microorganism that has had its genetic
material (DNA) changed using technology that generally
involves the specific modification of DNA, including the
transfer of specific DNA from one organism to another

Answer 11

Genetically Modified Organisms

Question 12

The genome of the organism is edited/altered through
___________.

Answer 12

genetic engineering

Question 13

how many countries grow GMOs

Answer 13

24 including Canada, Brazil, Ph, Bangladesh

Question 14

process of introducing ann exogenous gene into a living organism resulting in the target organism’s exhibition of desired trait

Answer 14

trasgenesis

Question 15

an exogenous gene

Answer 15

transgene

Question 16

gene or genetic material that is transferred either naturally or artifivially from one organism to another

Answer 16

transgene

Question 17

any organism which expresses the character coded by the transgene

Answer 17

transgenic organism

Question 18

Direct transfer of genes to plants - permits innovations that are possible to achieve with conventional hybridization methods.

Answer 18

transgenesis

Question 19

Pesticidal substances produced
by plants and the genetic
material necessary for the plant
to produce the substance

Answer 19

Plant-incorporated Protectants

Question 20

-Types of GMOs that passed the
National Bioengineered Food
Disclosure Standard.

Answer 20

bioengineered food

Question 21

those that contain detectable
genetic material that has been
modified through certain lab
techniques and cannot be created
through conventional breeding or
found in nature.

Answer 21

bioengineered food

Question 22

Some benefits of genetic modification in Agriculture (6)

Answer 22

higher yield
less crop loss
longer storage life
better appearance
better nutrition
less pesticide application

Question 23

role and meaning:
USDA
FDA
EPA

Answer 23

US Department of Agriculture (safe to grow)
Food and Drug Administration (safe to consume)
Environmental Protection Agency (environmental risk assessment)

Question 24

plant biotechnology techniques (4)

Answer 24

protoplast fusion
leaf fragment technique
gene guns
chloroplast engineering

Question 25

the cell wall of plant cells are dissolved using an enzyme (____) producing a protoplast (plant cell with the cell wall)

Answer 25

protoplast fusion, cellulase

Question 26

2 ways to obtain fusion of protoplast

Answer 26

chemically or physically

Question 27

chemically with the help of a mixture of ____ (PEG) and a high concentration of ____ at pH _. physically through ___.

Answer 27

polyethelyne glycol, calcium, 8 electrofusion

Question 28

a transgenic crop produced by protoplast fusion of a tomato plant and a potato plant

Answer 28

pomato

Question 29

process of leaf fragment technique

Answer 29

1. small discs are cut from target plants 2. these discs are exposed to Agrobacter (contains a plasmid DNA) to obtain the desired gene 3. after genetic delivery, the leaf discs are treated with plant hormones that stimulate shoot and root development

Question 30

it could literally blast tiny metal beads coated with DNA into embryonic plant cells;

Answer 30

gene guns

Question 31

process of chloroplast engineering

Answer 31

1. chloroplast can accept several genes at once 2. these genes remain active when the plant matures 3. no risk of ecological problem as DNA of chloroplast is separate from sex DNA of the entire plant

Question 32

Practical Applications of Biotechnology to Plants (4)

Answer 32

vaccines for plants gentic pesticide herbicide resistance enhanced resistance

Question 33

bioengineers have managed to insert a gene into a plant’s DNA which would produce a protein that would turn on the immune system of the plant example:

Answer 33

vaccine for plants tobacco mosaic virus gene to stop tomato mosaic virus

Question 34

genes that codes for proteins that are pesticidal in nature are inserted to the crop’s genome resulting to a “pest-resistant” or “insect-resistant” crop; example:

Answer 34

genetic pesticide cry gene from Bacillus thurengiensis produces protein that kills insect upon digestion

Question 35

herbicides can kill both weeds and desirable plants, but bioengineers have created transgenic crops that could produce alternative enzymes making them resistant to herbicides example:

Answer 35

herbicide resistance soy beans grown today ay resistant to herbicides

Question 36

enzyme affected by herbicide

Answer 36

EPSPS enzyme

Question 37

bioengineering is used to enhance the nutrient content of several crops example:

Answer 37

enhanced nutrition Golden rice contains beta carotene

Question 38

what provitamin is beta carotene converted into in the body?

Answer 38

vitamin A