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Gross Anatomy I NYCC > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Arthrology

A

Study of joints

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2
Q

Define

articulation

A

Joint between bone or cartilage

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3
Q

Function

joints

A

Can confer stability or motion between structures

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4
Q

Joints are classified by…

A

Degree of motion and type of tissue in articulation

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5
Q

What are the classifications of joints by degree of motion?

A

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

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6
Q

Synarthroses

A

Mostly fibrous, no or limited movement, ie. sutures

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7
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Mostly cartilaginous, slightly moveable, ie. syndesmoses, symphyses

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8
Q

Diarthroses

A

Synovial, highly moveable, ie. knee, shoulder, hip

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9
Q

Classifications of joints by type of tissue in articulation:

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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10
Q

movement and composition of

Fibrous tissue in articulation

A

No or limited movement, Bone-CT-Bone

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11
Q

movement and composition of

Cartilaginous tissue in articulation

A

Slightly moveable, Bone-Cartilage-Bone

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12
Q

movement and composition of

Synovial tissue in articulation

A

Highly moveable, Bone-Cartilage-Cavitated CT (filled with synovial fluid)-Cartilage-Bone

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13
Q

Suture tissue type

A

Fibrous: Bone – Collagenous Sutural Ligament – Bone

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14
Q

Gomphosis tissue type and function

A

Fibrous tissue type
Anchors tooth in socket: Bone – cartilaginous periodontal
ligament – dental cementum

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15
Q

Synchondroses tissue type

A

Cartilaginous: Bone – hyaline growth cartilage – bone

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16
Q

Symphyses tissue type

A

Cartilaginous: Bone – hyaline cartilage – fibrocartilaginous disc – hyaline cartilage – bone

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17
Q

Symphyses function and location

A

Stability, resist forces at weight bearing joints
Median, restricted to axillary skeleton

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18
Q

Secondary cartilaginous joint

A

Symphyses

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19
Q

Primary cartilaginous joint

A

Synchondroses

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20
Q

Syndesmoses tissue type

A

Fibrous: Bone – cartilaginous interosseous ligament – bone (may be elastic fibrous CT)

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21
Q

Syndesmoses function

A

Dynamic stabilization, resist forces that separate bones

22
Q

What is synostosis?

A

Fusion of joint – ultimate fate of most synarthroses/amphiarthroses

23
Q

Where does synostosis occur?

A

Between sutures in adulthood
Some symphyses by adulthood
All synchondroses

24
Q

When is synostosis pathological?

A

Fusion of IVD (except in sacrum) and/or pubic symphysis is pathological
Craniosynostosis

25
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

Fusion of cranial sutures before birth or during early childhood, before the completion of bone skull growth
Constricts brain growth in direction of fusion and flexibility of plate-like cranial bones, resulting in misshapen cranium

26
Q

Epiphyseal growth plates are an example of which joint type?

A

Synchondrosis (cartilaginous)

27
Q

What joints are restricted to the axillary skeleton?

A

Symphyses

28
Q

Which symphyses undergo synostosis?

A

Manubriosternal, xiphisternal, and mandibular symphyses

29
Q

What is the joint formed by a tooth and a periodontal ligament called?

A

Gomphosis

30
Q

What type of cartilaginous joint are synchondroses?

A

Amphiarthroses

31
Q

How would Gomphosis joints be classified?

A

Fibrous synarthrosis

32
Q

In synovial diarthroses, the synovial fluid is surrounded by…

A

A fibrous joint capsule

33
Q

In synovial diarthroses, the joint capsule is made of…

A

An inner synovial layer and outer fibrous layer

34
Q

In synovial diarthroses, ligaments can be:

A

Extrinsic, intrinsic, or intracapsular

35
Q

Examples of synovial diarthroses are:

A

Knee, shoulder, hip

36
Q

Describe extrinsic ligaments of diarthroses with an example

A

Located outside of the fibrous joint capsule
ex. lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the knee

37
Q

Describe intrinsic ligaments of diarthroses with an example

A

Located within or on the surface of the fibrous joint capsule
ex. ischiofemoral/pubofemoral ligaments of hip

38
Q

Describe intracapsular ligaments of diarthroses with examples

A

Located inside of the synovial cavity
ex. ligamentum teres of hip, ACL/PCL of knee

39
Q

What are fat pads in diarthroses? What is their function?

A

Areas of adipose tissue within the joint capsule to cushion the articulation

40
Q

Where are fibrocartilaginous discs?

A

Menisci, in some joints (ex. knee, sternoclavicular)

41
Q

Function of fibrocartilaginous discs (menisci)

A

Disperse weights and remove
friction during movement

42
Q

Plane synovial joints description and example

A

Translates motion across flat joint surfaces in apposition
ex. zygapophyseal joints (facet joints)

43
Q

Ginglymus (hinge) joints description and example

A

Uniaxial joint allowing motion with one degree of freedom
ex. elbow joint

44
Q

Trochoid (pivot) joints description and two examples

A

Uniaxial, rotation of a bone around a single axis
ex. medial atlantoaxial joint, radioulnar joint

45
Q

Bicondyloid joints description

A

Mostly uniaxial with some rotatory movement, two convex condyles articulating with two concave joint surfaces

46
Q

Three examples of bichondyloid joints

A
  1. femoral condyles and tibial
    plateau
  2. temperomandibular joint
  3. atlantooccipital joints
47
Q

Ellipsoid (condyloid) joints description

A

Biaxial, oval ellipsoid convex surface articulates with oval ellipsoid concave surface

48
Q

Ellipsoid (condyloid) joints example

A

Distal radius with scaphoid
and lunate in wrist

49
Q

Sellar (saddle) joints description and example

A

Multiaxial, two concave-convex (saddle-shaped) surfaces articulating with each other
ex. pollical carpometacarpal (thumb) joint

50
Q

Spheroidal (ball and socket)
joints description and two examples

A

Multiaxial, three degrees of freedom of motion
ex. glenohumeral joint and hip joint

51
Q

In synovial diarthroses, extrinsic ligaments are…

A

Outside of the fibrous joint capsule

Gross Anatomy I NYCC (15 decks)

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