Intro to Muscular System

Question 1

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 1

Walls of hollow organs

Question 2

Muscle cells are also called ____

Answer 2

Myocytes

Question 3

Contractions of smooth muscle are ___ movements triggered by ___

Answer 3

involuntary movements triggered by impulses from autonomic nervous system

Question 4

What cells make up cardiac muscle?

Answer 4

Cardiomyocytes

Question 5

What property of cardiac muscle facilitates coordinated contraction?

Answer 5

Branched cells allow for connections to form a network

Question 6

Groups of Skeletal muscle fibers are organized into:

Answer 6

Fascicles

Question 7

Skeletal muscle is innervated by:

Answer 7

motor neurons

Question 8

Endomysium

Answer 8

CT surrounding muscle fiber

Question 9

Perimysium

Answer 9

CT surrounding a fascicle

Question 10

Epimysium

Answer 10

thin CT that wraps around whole muscle

Question 11

Skeletal muscle origin

Answer 11

Attachment site where bone remains immobile during action

Question 12

Skeletal muscle insertion

Answer 12

Attachment site where the bone moves during an action

Question 13

Antagonist pairs consist of…

Answer 13

an agonist muscle and an antagonist muscle

Question 14

Agonist

Answer 14

muscle that is performing an action

Question 15

Antagonist

Answer 15

muscle that performs opposite action to agonist relaxing

Question 16

Circular muscles

Answer 16

Circular in shape
ex. mouth, eye, sphincters of bowels and bladder

Question 17

Convergent muscle structure and function

Answer 17

Origin is wider than insertion; triangular
Fiber arrangement allows for maximum force production
ex. pectoralis

Question 18

Parallel muscles structure and function

Answer 18

Parallel fibers
Long muscles, large movements
Lower strength, higher endurance
ex. sartorius

Question 19

Fusiform muscles structure

Answer 19

Muscle belly is wider than origin and insertion
ex. biceps brachii

Question 20

Pennate muscles structure and function

Answer 20

Large number of muscle fibers insert on a tendon (instead of bone), high strength

Question 21

Unipennate muscles structure

Answer 21

Fibers arranged to insert in diagonal direction onto the tendon
ex. lumbricals, extensor digitorum longus

Question 22

Bipennate muscles structure and function

Answer 22

Two rows of muscle fibers, facing in opposite diagonal directions
Central tendon, like a feather
Greater power, less range of motion
ex. rectus femoris (of quads)

Question 23

Multipennate muscles structure

Answer 23

Multiple rows of diagonal fibers
Central tendon that branches
ex. deltoid

Question 24

Hypaxial back muscles are innervated by:

Answer 24

Ventral rami

Question 25

Which back muscles are hypaxial?

Answer 25

Extrinsic

Question 26

Which back muscles are epaxial?

Answer 26

Intrinsic

Question 27

Epaxial back muscles are innervated by:

Answer 27

Dorsal rami

Question 28

Action of myocytes

Answer 28

Contraction (shortening) of fibers

Question 29

Contraction of cardiomyocytes is induced by signalling of _____

Answer 29

Cardiac conduction system
(APs stimulated by ANS)

Question 30

Skeletal muscle function

Answer 30

Attach to and move bones

Question 31

Skeletal muscle contracts and relaxes in response to ____ messages from ____

Answer 31

Voluntary
CNS/PNS

Question 32

Skeletal muscle cells are long cells called ____

Answer 32

Muscle fibers

Question 33

Organization of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 33

Muscle fiber -> endomysium -> fascicle -> Perimysium -> whole muscle -> epimysium

Question 34

Types of skeletal muscle classifications

Answer 34

Fusiform
Parallel
Convergent
Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate
Circular

Question 35

Convergent muscles are sometimes called ____

Answer 35

Triangular muscles

Question 36

Parallel muscles are sometimes called ____

Answer 36

strap muscles

Question 37

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis

Anterior layer is anterior to ___

Answer 37

quadratus lumborum muscle

Question 38

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis

Anterior layer ends medially in ___

Answer 38

transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

Question 39

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis

Anterior layer combines laterally with

Answer 39

aponeurosis of transversus abdominus

Question 40

thoracolumbar aponeurosis

Middle layer is posterior to ___

Answer 40

quadratus lumborum muscle, attaches to TP

Question 41

thoracolumbar aponeurosis

Middle layer is anterior to ___

Answer 41

Intrinsic muscles of the back

Question 42

thoracolumbar aponeurosis

Posterior layer covers ___

Answer 42

Erector spinae group

Question 43

thoracolumbar aponeurosis

Posterior layer ends laterally in ___ by blending with ___

Answer 43

end laterally in lumbar by blending with aponeurosis of transversus abdominus muscle