Arthropoda Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
Do Arthropoda animals have jointed limbs
A
Yes
2
Q
what do the joints on Arthropoda allow legs to do
A
Articulate with body and other legs
3
Q
Why do some Arthropoda only have long legs at the back and not all over
A
It stops the long legs from tripping over each other (long legs at back won’t trip up small legs at front but would if the legs at the front were long too). This means he arthropod can run quicker
4
Q
Do Arthropoda have a segmented body
A
Yes
5
Q
Why does a “worm” have a through gut
A
Allows specialisation of different areas of gut
6
Q
Does a “worm” have a distinct head and anus
A
Yes
7
Q
Why does a “worm” have a pumping vessel
A
To create movement in circulatory fluid
8
Q
Where is the pumping vessel in the “worm”
A
Dorsal to the through guy
9
Q
Where is the nervous chord in the “worm”
A
Ventral to the through gut
From dorsal brain
10
Q
What do Arthropods share with Annelida
A
Through gut
Ventral nerve cord with segmental ganglia
Dorsal circulatory system
11
Q
How do Arthropoda differ fro Annelida
A
External skeleton
Paired jointed segmented limbs
12
Q
What is an arthropod skeleton made of
A
Chitin
13
Q
What is chitin made of
A
A polysaccharide made of proteins and mineral salts like calcium carbonate
14
Q
What is the amount a arthropod mineralises based on
A
Taxa
15
Q
Why do Arthropoda have to shed their cuticle
A
To allow growth
16
Q
How does the shedding of cuticles occur
A
Occurs through hormonally mediated process known as ecdysis
17
Q
What stage do ladybirds have before the puper stage
A
Larval
18
Q
How many described species of arthropod
A
1,100,000
19
Q
What % of animal diversity are arthropod
A
85%
20
Q
Why are the number microbes massively underestimated
A
Cannot be cultures so cannot recognise them
21
Q
Why are terrestrial species more diverse than marine
A
Organisms are more easily isolated due to long distances and obstacles so easier to evolve
In marine environments currents move organisms around and not many obstacles so hard to become isolated
Eg requires little energy to move far in the sea due to currents but requires lots of energy to move far on land
22
Q
Why does the graph showing the number of species of insect names not levelled off
A
Still rapid rate of species description as haven’t found them all
23
Q
Why are beetles the most diverse order
A
Can survive in a diverse range of habitats
24
Q
What is the elongation of face on a weevil
A
Rostrum
25
What do weevils secrete from their glands
Wax
26
Latin name for vent shrimps
Alvinocaridae
27
Common name for alvinocaridae
Vent shrimps
28
Snow flea Latin name
Boreus
29
Common name for boreus
Snow flea
30
Latin name for ground beetle
Nebria
31
Common name for nebria species
Ground beetle
32
Latin name for stag beetle
Lucanidae
33
Common name for lucanidae
Stag beetle
34
Another name for water bear
Tardigrades
35
Another name for Tardigrade
Water bear
36
What is a cryconite
Small pond on ice
37
How do cryoconites form
Fine sediment is blown by wind and settles on the glacier making it darker. This sediment absorber more radiation and heats up, causing the ice to melt
38
What is cryptobiosis
Process of drying out. Tardigrades become non functional and are carried by the wind. When they come into contact with water again they rehydrate. They can survive in the cryptobiotic stage for years
39
Latin name for cave beetle
Chloevidae
40
Common name for cholevidae
Cave beetle
41
What is the chamber on the back of cave beetles for
To fill it’s guts with large amounts of food and store it
42
What is a sacculina
Barnacle parasite of crabs
43
Latin name for fish louse
Argulus
44
Common name for argulus
Fish louse
45
Latin name for leaf mining flies
Agromyzidae
46
Common name for agromyzidae
Leaf mining flies
47
What % of extant species are arthropods
70%
48
What are triops
Arthropoda
| Crustaceans
49
Where do triops live
In temporary water bodies
50
why do weevils have long rostrums
to drill into acorn to lay eggs so that when the larvae hatch they can get the the acorn before tissue
51
why does dispersal reduce likelihod of allopatrci speciation
not reproductively isoladted
52
how do arthropods reduce waterloss
secrete epicuticular waxes onto cuticle
53
at what point does water loss increase in arthropods
when the temperature gets so high it melts the wax on the cuticle
54
how does the flexibility of cuticle allow some arthropods to occupy different niched
can make cuticle softer, more rigid, flexible in certain places etc
55
what is the name given to different segments on arthropoda
tagmata
56
what is tagmosis
Arthropod bauplan has undergone various forms of regional specialization
57
how many tagmata do centipedes have
2
58
what are the first segment of the trunk in centipedes
poison claws
59
what is the first segment of the head in centipedes
antennae
60
why are there no appendages on the abdomen of insects
suppressed during development
61
what are the three tagmata of a locust
head
thorax
abdomen
62
how many segemnts are fused in the head tagmata of a locust
5
63
what is a crustacea
group of arthropoda
64
what is a hexapoda
group of arthropoda
65
what is a Trilobitomorpha
group of arthropoda
66
what is a Cheliceriformes
group of arthropoda
67
what is a Myriapoda
group of arthropoda
68
arthropoda are monophyletic - what does this mean
a group which contains ALL the
descendants of a particular common
ancestor
69
Hi
Hi
70
how many head segments do crustacae have
5
71
how many tagmata in crustacae trunks
2
72
what are the 5 segments on a crustacae head
2 x antennae
mandibles
2 x maxillae (secondary mouth parts)
73
explain crustacae mate guarding
when females ready to mate they secrete hormones. males grab hold of females and holds them/hides them from other males until she malts so that he can mate with her
74
what are the two trunk tagmata in crustaceans
thorax and abdomen
75
how do isopods gain moisture
from air
76
why do isopods have two gill plates
for sperm
77
what are biramous limbs
two branched
78
what does a Basipodite do
attached biramous limb to body
79
remipedia are the sister group to what
hexapoda
80
remipedia have what sort of appendages
biramous
81
where to remipedia live
in coastal caves with fresh water covering salt water
82
what is salt water low in
oxygen
83
what is the carapace
Extension of dorsal plate of first thoracic segment after head
84
what larvae do crustacea have
nauplius
85
describe the anatomy of a nauplius larvae
small medium eye
| 3 pairs of setose appednages
86
what are setose appendages used for
maintain position in water column
87
what are advantages of a brood pouch
can reproduce on land - dont need water so no planktonic stage
88
what are the three aspects of crustacean diversity
segments of same species - 14 different types of segments in one species
segments of different species
segment morphology during ontogeny
89
what are maxillipeds
mouth parts
90
what is the dactylus
segment 5 on a leg
91
what is the peopodus
segemnt 4 on leg
92
what is the carpus
segment 3 on leg
93
what is the merus
segment 2 on leg
94
what is the ischium
segment 1 on leg
95
give an example of diversity of segment morphology during ontogeny
3 pairs of setose appendages of nauplius larva become 2 pairs of antennae and mandibles
96
what causes the three aspects of diversity in crustacea
homeotic gene expression
97
how does malting allow growth
cuticle fills with body tissue, this causes strecth receptors on joints of the exoskeleton to trigger ecdysis. this is a hormonal response that causes the old cuticle to be malted. marine organisms fill space with water before new cutcile grows so there is space for growth when it does. land animals do this with air
98
what are the most diverse organisms
hexapoda
99
how many pairs of walking limbs do insects have
3
100
how many tagmata do insects have
3
101
what are the tagmata of insects
head
thorax
abdomen
102
what are hexapoda
insects
103
what hexapods need to have to be classed as an insect
special arrangement around mouth
104
how many described extant species of insect
950,000
105
what is a Odonata
dragonflies & damselflies
106
what is a Hemiptera
true bugs
107
what is a Coleoptera
beetles
108
what is a Hymenoptera
ants
bees
wasps
109
what is a Diptera
true flies
110
what is a Lepidoptera
butterflies and moths
111
how many wings do bees have
2
112
how many wings do true flies have
1
113
what are behind the wings on a fy
balancing organs
114
how many species in coleoptera
38%
115
how many species in hymenoptera
13%
116
how many species in diptera
12%
117
how many species in lepioptera
16%
118
how many species in paraneoptera
11%
119
how many species in polyneoptera
4%
120
what is Mantophasmatodea
new insect order
121
what is Mantophasmatodea related to
Grylloblattodea
122
what are the advantages of insects being able to fly
escape predators
| if food patchy doesnt matter as can fly across to next source
123
how insects out beat bats and birds
Energetic efficiency
Wing beat frequency
Agility
124
what did insect wings evolve from
exites
125
what is hemimetabolous insect metamorphesis
incomplete metamorphesis - juveniles resemble adults but lack fully developed wings and sexual structures
126
what is Holometabolous insect metamorphesis
complete metamorphises
127
advantages of complete insect metamorphesis
allows adults and young to exploit different areas of niche space
128
which insect orders dominate
holometabolous orders
129
what increases the success of insects
```
cuticle
flexible bauplan
body size
flight
metamorphesis
```
130
how does a maggot become a fly
during larval stage – large proportion of maggot tissue broken down and hormones released in pupil stage cause discs to be formed
131
what is a haltere
balancing organ behind the wings of a fly
132
how is oxygen supplied to tissues in insects
through diffusion straight into tissue
133
why is size a problem for big insects
large size means long diffusion paths - takes longer to get oxygen
134
how do big insects over come he large diffusion paths
Larger species devote proportionately more body volume to tracheal system
Legs lack spiracles so rely entirely on trachea entering them from the body
135
disadvantage of having trachae in legs
become so packed with trachae cannot function as legs
136
why did insects used to be bigger than now
used to have higher oxygen levels in atmosphere
137
why not many marine insect taxa
flight is so advantageous on land, no need or chance to try to survive in water
138
why are Trilobitomorpha called triliobites
due to the three body segments
139
why might the tips of spines of triliobites be flat
for floatation
140
why are triliobites though to have good vision
eyes made up of many lenses
141
what does the feathery locomotive branch of limb suggest about triliobites
could be gills
142
what is the use of a gnathobase
is a jaw for grinding up food
143
why is it hard to group triliobites
no dna
144
what are Cheliceriformes
spiders
145
Where is cheliceriforme silk produced
In spinnerets at the end of the abdomen
146
What are spinnerets
Appendages on the end of apisteroma of cheliceriforme
147
Why does the spitting spider have forward facing eyes
To judge distance and movement
148
Where are the silk glands on the spitting spider
Front of thorax
149
What is a chilopoda
Centipede (myriapod)
150
What is a Diplopoda
Millipede (myriapod)
151
What is a pauropoda
Myriapoda
152
What is a symphyla
Myriapod
153
How many legs do centipedes have
One pair per segment
154
Scutigeromorpha is
Centipede
155
Geophilomorpha is
Centipede
156
Scolopendromorpha is
Centipede
157
Lithobiomorpha is
Centipede
158
Why do dorsal cuticle plates on the scutigera overlap segments
For speed
159
Why are poison claws on lithobiomorpha serrated
To get inbetween segments of prey and open the body
160
How many limbs do millipedes have
Two pairs per segment
